The three types of rocks are _______, ________, ________. The first one is formed through compressing bits and pieces of rocks. The second type is formed through extreme heat and the hardening of magma. The last one is formed through heat, pressure, and chemical reactions.
Sedimentary, Igneous, and Metamorphic
100
What is the difference between relative and absolute age?
Relative Age - Age compared to other rocks.
Absolute Age - The number of years it has been since it was formed.
100
How are atoms and elements related?
One type of atom makes up an element.
100
What is the name of the super-continent that existed 260 million years ago?
Pangea
100
Why do scientists use the geologic time scale, and how is it divided?
The geologic time scale is to keep track of all the organisms and geological events in Earth's long history. It is divided into 4 main eras, and those eras are divided into periods.
200
What is the Principle of Uniformation?
All geological processes today, happened in the past as well.
200
The law of superposition states...
that in horizontal sedimentary rock layers, the oldest is on the bottom and each higher layer is younger than the one before it.
200
What is radioactive decay?
Radioactive decay is when the atoms of an unstable element break down to form a new, stable element.
200
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
A theory that states all of Earth's plates move slowly in various directions. This also brings the idea that all of Earth's landmasses have been moving as well.
200
What happened in the Paleozoic Era? List three major events as your answer.
Cambrian Explosion, first vertebrates, first land animals, super-continent Pangaea, and a huge mass extinction.
300
James ________ was a Scottish ________ who came up with the __________ ___ ___________
Hutton, Doctor, Prinicple of Uniformation
300
What is an extrusion, intrusion, fault, and inclusion?
extrusion- Igneous rock that forms on earth's surface.
Intrusion- Magma cools and hardens below earth's surface.
Fault- A break in earth's crust
Inclusion- Pieces of solid rock that is in a different rock layer.
300
What are the two types of elements that scientists use in radioactive dating? But before that, what is radioactive dating?
Radioactive dating is the process that scientists use to determine the absolute age of igneous rocks. Potassium-40 and carbon-14
300
The slow drifting apart of continents is called __________ _______.
continental drift.
300
What happened in the Mesozoic Era? List three major events as your answer.
first mammals, first birds, dinosaurs, and a mass extinction of dinosaurs.
400
What is the rock cycle?
The rock cycle is a process in which forces on and below earth's surface change rocks slowly.
400
Describe the principle of cross-cutting relationships.
When something cuts across a body of rock, that "something" is younger than the rock it cuts through.
400
The half-life of an element is...
How long it takes for half the element to decay.
400
How is climate changed because of plate tectonics/continental drift?
The locations of the landmasses move north or south of the equator. The closer they get to the equator, the hotter it becomes. The farther away, it gets colder.
400
What happens in the Cenozoic Era? List three major events as your answer.
Mammals dominate earth, grasses evolved, marine mammals evolved, ice ages, and humans come to be.
500
__________ activity, _________, __________, heat and __________, and melting are all ways a rock can be changed.
volcanic, erosion, deposition, pressure
500
What can cause a change in the geological records?
Unconformities.
500
The age of earth is believed to be...
4.6 billion years old.
500
How are organisms affected by continental drift?
They are separated from the rest of their species and adapt and evolve to their new environment.
500
BONUS: Can you list all the periods in the order from first to last?