Vocabulary
What's an ionic bond between?
Metal and a non-metal
CH4
carbon tetrahydride
Is CO2 polar?
Non-polar
How can I determine the molecular shape?
Must look at the compound's central atom!!!
Draw SiH4
like CH4
What's the prefix for 9?
Nona
BP
boron monophosphide
Is H2O polar?
Yes
Compare and contrast ionic vs covalent properties.
Almost 100% opposite of one another.
Draw H2
H - H
Define resonance.
More than 1 valid Lewis Structure for a given compound.
H2S
Hydrosulfuric Acid
Is CCl4 polar? defend your answer with a line structure.
Non-polar because its tetrahedral shape allows all the Cl pointed arrows to cancel!
How can we predict if something like Na or K is more reactive?
Reactivity trends tell us that as we go down a group (column) that elements become MORE reactive.
Draw H2S
Like water
What's the difference between a covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?
They're both between non-metals, but in a polar covalent bond there is an unequal sharing of electrons whereas electrons are shared equally in a covalent bond.
N7Si6
heptanitrogen hexasilicide
Draw BP. Is it polar or non-polar? Defend your answer with a line structure.
. .
B (triple bond)-> P
Polar!
Describe 2 experiments I could do to gauge whether an unknown substance is a covalent compound?
Find its melting point, find its boiling point, see if at any state of matter, it would conduct electricity.
If it was covalent, it would have low melting/boiling points and would NEVER conduct heat or electricity.
Draw PCl3
. .
Cl - P - Cl
|
Cl
Define and give an example of electronegativity.
Definition: Ability for an atom of a particular element to attract electrons.
As you go to the right of a row and up a column, EN increases so Fluorine (F) is the most EN element.
H2PO3
Phosphous Acid
Draw NBr3. Is it polar or non-polar? Defend your answer with a line structure.
. .
Br -> N <- Br
|
Br
Polar!
Would testing the strength of diamond be an accurate way to test all unknown compounds to see if they had similar strength and therefore would too be covalent?
No! Diamond's strength is one of the few exceptions as covalent compounds are typically soft (if covalent compounds are even solid at room temp at all as most are liquids or gases).
Draw AlF5. How can I find its molecular shape?
Al with 5 F's attached each F has 3 lone pairs.