States Rights & Early Conflict
This is the belief that a state’s sovereignty is more important than the power of the national government.
What are states' rights?
This 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain the Congressional balance.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
This enslaved man sued for his freedom in 1857 after living in free territory with his enslaver.
Who is Dred Scott?
This was the first military conflict of the Civil War, occurring in April 1861 at a fort in Charleston, South Carolina.
What is the Confederate capture of Fort Sumter?
The official name of this agency was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This plan, also called the Ten Percent Plan, sought to allow Southern states back into the Union as quickly as possible.
What is the Lincoln Plan?
This term refers to the lack of money needed to rebuild Georgia’s railroads, factories, and farms after the war.
What is capital?
This financial measure was opposed by the South because they feared it would hurt their ability to export cotton to Europe.
What is a tariff?
This state entered the Union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850, upsetting the balance of power in Congress.
What is California?
The Supreme Court also ruled that banning slavery in U.S. territories was this legal status, greatly angering the North.
What is unconstitutional?
This Union general led the Atlanta Campaign and the devastating March to the Sea.
Who is General William Tecumseh Sherman?
This Union General was in charge of running the Freedmen's Bureau.
Who is Oliver Howard?
Andrew Johnson’s plan required secessionist states to disavow secession and ratify this amendment, which abolished slavery.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Because Confederate money was worthless, planters lost wealth after the war since their wealth depended on holding these.
What are slaves (or enslaved people)?
This crisis occurred in the early 1830s when South Carolina threatened to secede over federal tariffs.
What is the Nullification Controversy (or Crisis)?
Northern citizens were outraged by the Fugitive Slave Act because they did not want to be forced to help in the capture of people seeking this.
What is freedom (or runaway slaves)?
The main goal of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which caused great fear in the South.
What is keeping slavery from spreading to new states?
On January 1, 1863, this executive order declared that all enslaved people in Confederate states would be free.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This city saw the opening of the first school for Black Americans in 1865, housed in an old slave mart.
What is Savannah?
This amendment, ratified in 1868, ensured citizenship rights and “equal protection under the laws” for all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This system required a farmer, who contributed only labor, to give about half of the crop to the landowner.
What is sharecropping?
During the Nullification Crisis, President Andrew Jackson threatened this against South Carolina to keep the state in the Union.
What is military action (or attack)?
The Compromise of 1850 included this act, which required Northern states to return runaway enslaved people to their owners.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
This state was the first to secede from the Union on December 20, 1860, following Lincoln’s election.
What is South Carolina?
This was the name of the new nation formed by the seven seceded Southern states in February 1861.
What is the Confederate States of America (CSA) or the Confederacy?
The Bureau provided these services, which included feeding millions and extending aid to both Black and white citizens.
What are essential welfare services and healthcare?
The Congressional Plan required Southern states to draft new constitutions that gave the right to vote to all of these citizens.
What are all adult male citizens (Black and white)?
These white Southerners were seen as traitors because they supported the Republican Party and Reconstruction.
What are scalawags?
The economic activity that remained primary in the South in the 1800s, leading to increased dependence on slavery.
What is agriculture (or cotton production)?
This Georgia document conditionally accepted the Compromise of 1850 but demanded the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act.
What is the Georgia Platform?
Lincoln’s election in 1860 was made easier because this major political party split its vote between a Northern nominee and a Southern nominee.
What is the Democratic Party?
Union forces targeted this vital port city in Georgia early in the war, capturing Fort Pulaski in 1862.
What is Savannah?
The Bureau helped found these two Historically Black Colleges and Universities in Georgia.
What are Clark Atlanta University and Morehouse College?
This is the minimum percentage of 1860 voters who had to take an oath of loyalty under Lincoln’s plan.
What is one-tenth (or 10 percent)?
After their expulsion from the state legislature and the Camilla Massacre, Georgia was placed back under this rule in late 1869.
What is military rule?
Before the Civil War, many Southerners believed this level of government should have the final authority.
What is the state government?
This period of violence in the Kansas territory occurred after the Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed residents to vote on slavery.
What is "Bleeding Kansas"?
After secession, this Georgian statesman was elected Vice-President of the Confederacy, despite having opposed leaving the Union.
Who is Alexander Stephens?
This notorious Confederate military prison camp in Georgia became known for its overcrowding and high death rate of Union prisoners.
What is Andersonville Prison Camp?
The Bureau was especially helpful in negotiating these agreements between Black laborers and white landowners.
What are labor contracts?
Ratified in February 1870, this amendment guaranteed voting rights to all male citizens, regardless of race or previous servitude.
What is the 15th Amendment?
This hate group, established in 1866, used terror and violence to restore white supremacy and resist Reconstruction’s progress.
What is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?
The act of making a federal law legally null and void, which South Carolina threatened to do to a tariff.
What is nullification?
This principle was proposed for the New Mexico and Utah territories, allowing residents to vote on the issue of slavery themselves.
What is popular sovereignty?
Georgia voted to secede in January 1861 and joined this new nation.
What is the Confederate States of America (or the Confederacy)?
This was the primary goal of the Union when President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, changing the focus of the war.
What is the abolition of slavery (or freeing enslaved people)?
Before the Civil War, Georgia did not offer this, which the Freedmen’s Bureau helped establish and train teachers for.
What is public education?
Tennessee was the only Southern state government to approve this amendment before Congress passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Henry McNeal Turner, an educated minister, was one of the Black legislators expelled from this governing body in September 1868.
What is the Georgia General Assembly (or Georgia legislature)?
Northern business owners opposed slavery partly because it was difficult to compete economically with Southern businesses that used this type of labor.
What is unpaid (or slave) labor?
This Kentucky Senator, famous for creating compromises, helped Congress pursue agreements to satisfy both regions.
Who is Henry Clay?
He was the prominent Georgia politician who argued against secession, warning it would lead to a deadly civil war.
Who is Alexander Stephens?
After capturing Atlanta, Sherman's army destroyed the countryside on their march to this coastal city in 1864.
What is Savannah?
This is the specific action the Bureau failed to do, which would have provided enduring security for African Americans regarding land ownership.
What is provide enduring protection/prevent land from being returned to former owners?
This law divided the former Confederate states into five military districts under strict control.
What is the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
This tragic event in September 1868 involved white residents shooting marchers who were on their way to a Republican political rally.
What is the Camilla Massacre?
The South referred to slavery using this two-word phrase, meaning it was their "own" unique concern and not the North's business.
What is "our peculiar institution"?
Though slavery was not banned entirely, the Compromise of 1850 banned the buying and selling of enslaved people in this city.
What is Washington, D.C.?
He was the governor of Georgia who favored immediate secession after South Carolina left the Union.
Who is Joseph E. Brown?
After the Emancipation Proclamation, approximately this many African American Georgians joined the Union Army against the Confederates.
What is 3,500?
This is the name of period of time following the Civil War when Southern states were brought back into the Union.
What is Reconstruction?
These three Constitutional amendments are commonly called the Civil War Amendments or Reconstruction Amendments.
Amendments or Reconstruction Amendments.
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?
After the Reconstruction era, no Black legislators served in the Georgia legislature until this movement of the 1960s.
What is the civil rights movement?