Labor and Capital
Factory and mine owners accumulated wealth largely through their ownership of this economic asset.
Capital?
This 1877 labor action, sparked by wage cuts in the railroad industry, was the first major nationwide strike in U.S. history.
Great Railroad Strike?
This form of compensation became the dominant way of organizing labor relations in the industrial economy, shaping class identities.
Wage labor?
The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a surge of workers from these three European regions into the U.S., many of whom took low-wage industrial jobs.
Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe
This term refers to the wave of labor unrest that swept the U.S. in the mid-1880s, including strikes and violent clashes between workers and employers.
The Great Upheaval?
As industrial profits grew, higher-income individuals saw greater wealth accumulation due to their stake in this aspect of business.
Capital ownership?
The only regions spared from the railroad strikes
Deep South and New England
Industrialists justified their fortunes through this practice, channeling business profits into non-profit foundations and public institutions.
Philanthropy?
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers, this labor union focused on skilled workers and "pure and simple unionism."
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
The first national federation of American labor unions.
National Labor Union (NLU)?
"Capital is not a thing, but a social relation between persons, established by the instrumentality of things"
Marx's conclusion
This 1892 strike at a Carnegie Steel plant turned violent when company-hired Pinkerton agents clashed with striking steelworkers.
Homestead Strike?
By the early 20th century, this federal tax replaced older forms of taxation, shifting the burden away from property and trade.
Income tax?
The most dangerous as cited in "The Dangerous Classes".
New immigrants?
Following the Civil War, this era saw the rise of industrialization and significant economic growth in the United States.
Age of Capital?
As industrial capitalism expanded, this conflict intensified between workers seeking better conditions and employers controlling wages and working hours.
Class conflict in the industrial workplace?
A union that went into conflict with Carnegie Steel over wages and working conditions in the late 1800s
Amalgamated Association
The largest labor union, open to all.
Knights of Labor?
In the South and West, farmers struggled with falling prices and rising debt due to this economic phenomenon.
Deflation?
Criticized capital and capitalists for funding "anti-democratic disease and monstrosity".
Walt Whitman?
"Down with wages-slavery", "Have you no rights?-No ambition? No manhood?"
Workingmen's Party
Invest in capital goods which produced more goods, for sale in the same increment of time-thereby increasing labor productivity
Relative surplus value?
Called for disciplined trade unionism instead of uncoordinated mass action.
Carl Hillman's "Practical Suggestions for Emancipation"?
This financial crisis, triggered by railroad bankruptcies and a collapsing stock market, led to widespread unemployment and economic turmoil in 1893.
Panic of 1893?