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100
Mohs scale measures what property of rocks and minerals?
What is hardness.
100
Luster is....
What is how light reflects from the surface of a rock/mineral.
100
Mohs scale ranges from ____ to ______.
What is 1 to 10.
100
Rocks are made up of...
What is minerals.
100
___________ are natural, nonliving materials arranged in geometric shapes found in rocks.
What is crystals.
200
A diamond ranks a ___ on Mohs scale.
What is 10.
200
T/F: The lower the number on Mohs scale, the harder it is.
What is False.
200
T/F: Rocks and minerals that are harder than others, are able to scratch these other rocks/minerals.
What is True.
200
Talc scores a ____ on Mohs scale.
What is 1.
200
T/F: Copper is a mineral.
What is True. DING DING DING!
300
All minerals have a geometric shape because of the way the particles are _____________.
What is arranged.
300
Metallic, glossy, shiny, and dull are all words to describe a mineral's __________.
What is luster.
300
How is a rock different than a mineral?
What is rocks are made up of minerals.
300
What process forms new soil when exposed rock begins to break down?
What is weathering.
300
Which rock can be described as having layers?
What is Sedimentary rock.
400
What rock is formed after a chemical reaction?
What is Metamorphic rocks.
400
________ is organic matter that has a dark brown color. It is known to help make soil rich with nutrients.
What is humus.
400
Which type of soil holds water especially well and is fine-grained?
What is clay.
400
Bacteria can benefit contaminated soil by ...
What is breaking down the contaminates. (The materials that contaminate/harm the soil).
400
A(n) unglazed _____________ _________ is used to test minerals' streak colors.
What is ceramic tile.
500
What is a scientist able to conclude when finding a trilobite fossil in sedimentary rock.
What is: the scientist can conclude that the rock surrounding the fossil and other fossils near it are from the time period when trilobites were common on Earth. This is a valid conclusion because sedimentary rock forms in layers and fossils and rocks in the same layer will be from the same time.
500
What role do mosses, lichens, bacteria, fungi, and plants play in soil formation?
What is: Mosses and lichens grow on small pieces of rock. They help break down more rock, releasing minerals. Bacteria, fungi, and plants grow among the tiny rock particles. When these organisms die, they decay and become humus, the organic part of soil.
500
Name and describe the three types of soil.
What is: Top soil: top layer of soil, contains small pieces of rock, humus, and other organic matter. Subsoil: middle layer of soil, contains larger pieces of rock, has less organic matter and built-up minerals. Parent rock/bedrock: bottom layer of soil, contains large chunks of rock and has little organic matter.
500
Compare and contrast minerals and rocks.
What is:Similar: Both are nonliving. Also, rocks and minerals are related to one another (in the sense that rocks are made up of minerals and one or more mineral make up a rock.) Different: rocks are formed from one or more minerals combined. Minerals are a solid crystal arranged in a particular pattern.
500
List the three types of rocks. Describe how each one is formed.
What is: Metamorphic: change of one kind of rock into another by heat and pressure. Igneous: formed by molten rock (melted by lava, cooled after coming out of volcano as magma). Sedimentary: formed by layers of sediment (tiny pieces of rock) hardening over time.