Soil and its layers
This is the layer of soil that contains humus.
What is the topsoil?
The moving of bits of weathered material from one place to another is called this.
What is erosion?
This is the process of water in and around rocks and soil freezing and expanding, breaking up the rocks.
What is frost weathering?
This is a huge piece of ice that stays frozen all year.
What is a glacier?
These are two different types of landforms.
What are mountains and dunes (on the test)
Other options: deserts, moraines, plateaus, valleys etc.
This is the layer that is made of solid, unweathered rock under layers of soil.
What is bedrock?
The dropping of sediment in a new place is called this.
What is deposition?
These are three things that cause rocks to weather (wear away).
What are wind, water, and plants? (on the test)
Also ice
Sediment that is deposited at the mouth of a river makes the river this.
Explain how a volcano can create an island.
A volcano that is underwater overflows with lava which is molten earth, then the lava cools and hardens making the volcano taller. This keeps happening until the volcano grows out of the water.
This is the layer of soil that most plants grow in.
What is topsoil?
This is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
What is weathering?
This is the rapid downhill movement of a large amount of soil and rocks.
What is a landslide?
This is the layer of soil that is mostly coarse weathered rocks and does not contain humus.
What is subsoil?
What is upward?
Small bits of weathered rock and other material are called this.
What is sediment?
Two kinds of sudden erosion caused by gravity are these.
What are landslides and avalanches?
This is the sudden downhill movement of a large amount of snow and ice.
What is an avalanche?
An area of sediment that builds up at the mouth of a river is called this.
What is a delta?
This is the name for decayed plant and animal material in soil.
What is humus?
Soil is made up of these four things.
What are weathered rock, water, air and humus?
This word means when water or wind gradually wears away rock by friction.
What is abrasion?
Glaciers can sometimes pick up these.
What are sediment and rocks?
These are the three sizes of weathered rock found in soil.
What are sand, silt and clay?
List two ways that the activities of people can cause erosion.
1. Removing plants can increase the erosion of soil
2. Paved areas can cause water runoff and increase erosion