Invaders
Travelers from Scandinavia who looted and plundered Western and Eastern Europe.
Who were the Vikings?
Feudal comes from the old German word feod which means this.
What was fee or payment?
Peasant men or women who worked on the land and were subjected to the lord of the manor.
Who were serfs?
Heavy, wheeled plow with a large blade that revolutionized farming during medieval times.
What was the moldboard plow?
Famous Italian trading city that became huge during the increase in trade.
What was Venice?
Highly skilled horsemen from the steppes of Asia who took control of the Danube plains raiding all the way up to northern Italy.
Who were the Magyars?
Those who accepted oaths from their subjects.
What were lieges?
The serf owed a part of his earnings to these two entities.
What was his Lord and the Church?
This invention allowed for the heating of homes and home cooking to be done indoors.
What was the chimney?
Organization that protected and promoted trade in the town.
What were guilds?
Muslim Pirates from North Africa who conquered Sicily and terrorized the Italian peninsula.
Who were the Saracens?
Those who accepted the oaths of loyalty.
What were vassals?
System of crop production that utilized only certain fields allowing soil to not be overused.
What was the open field system?
Invention that allowed the disuse of the yolk which was uncomfortable and harmful to a horse's neck.
What was the padded horse collar?
Men who had served his apprenticeship but not raised up enough money to purchase his own tools or shop.
What was a journeyman?
The name given by the conquered Slavs to the conquering Northmen meaning "red-haired."
What was rus?
The lowest title on the ladder of Feudalism.
What was Knight?
Lands not owned by any single person that were free to use by anyone on the manor.
What were common lands?
Invention allowed a man in heavy armor to stay balanced in his saddle while riding a horse.
What was the horse stirrup?
What were charters or grants?
What was the Varangian Guard?
A high rise of land extending out into a body of water where Medieval castles were built.
What was a promontory?
Famous pope who came from serf origins.
Who was Pope Sylvester II?
Invention used to protect horse feet.
What was the iron horse shoe?
Who was the bailiff?