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Memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Forgetting & construciton
100
memory
What is the persistance of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of memory
100
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meanings
What is automatic processing
100
long term memory
What is the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
100
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
What is priming
100
the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing feelings, thoughts, and memories
What is motivated repression
200
flashbulb memory
What is a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
200
the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
What is rehearsal
200
the loss of memory
What is amnesia
200
the ability to increase retention of new information by making associations to one's own personal experiences and knowledge
What is the self-reference effect
200
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference
300
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What is the 3 stage model of memory
300
visual encoding, acoustic encoding, semantic encoding
What is the encoding of picture images; the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words; the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
300
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
What is echoic memory
300
Dja vu
What is cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
300
Misinformation effect
What is incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
400
the processing of brielfy stored information
What is working memory
400
serial position effect
What is our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
400
Explain how long term potentiation works
What is an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief stimulation
400
Explain the difference between recall, recognition, and relearning
What is recall = a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test recognition = a measure of memory in which a person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test relearning = a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learnign material for a second time
400
Name 3 different ways to improve studying
What is study repeatedly to boost long term recall Spend more time rehearsing Make the material personally meaningful Mneumonic devices for unfamiliar items Activate retrieval cues to refresh your memory Recall events while they are fresh to reduce misinformation Minimize interference Test your knowledge
500
Draw the 3 stage model of memory
What is see board
500
chunking vs hierarchies
What is organizing items into familiar, manageable unites; often automatically vs placing chunks of information in to groups composed of broad concepts divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts
500
Describe the differences between Explicit and Implicit memory
What is explicit = declarative memory, episodic and semantic memory implicit = nondeclarative, motor and cognitive skills, procedural memory
500
mood-congruent memory
What is the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
500
Name and explain Schacter's 7 sins
What is Absent mindedness: inattention to details produces encoding failure Transience : storage decay over time Blocking: inaccessibility of stored information Distortion: Misattribution: confusing the source of information Suggestability: the lingering effects of misinformation Bias: belief-coloured recollections Intrusion: Persisitance: unwanted memories