Lobes of the Brain
The cerebral cortex can be divided into how many sections?
What are they?
Which are four sections?
Frontal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and parietal lobe
What did the case of Phineas Cage suggest?
First case to show a link between personality differences in light of brain trauma
What is the limbic system associated with?
Which key structure in this system mediates fear?
It is associated with the processing of emotion
The amygdala
What is a TBI? What does it stand for?
Significant damage to the brain caused by brain trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury
What is learning & what is memory? - 2 bullet points in lecture
Learning is the process of acquiring new info from experience
The ability to store and retrieve information & the specific information stored in the brain.
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
What is processing sound, memory & emotion
Includes face recognition & limbic system
In the case of the Man who Mistook his wife for a hat, what kind of damage did he have to his brain?
He had damage to his fusiform face area which caused him to have prosopagnosia.
Which lobe is the limbic system located? & name 3 parts of the brain that are contained within the limbic system.
The limbic system is located within the temporal lobe, Parts include the hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus & amygdala
As shown in lecture, TBI caused immediate deficits such as ___ ___ & _____
This may lead in a _____ _____
Cognition, movement & function
Progressive decline
What is short term or more accurately working memory?
What is the size of working memory?
Learned info that does not immediately enter long term memory
Can hold info in a span of approximately 30 seconds
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
What is processing sensory information
Name a case in pop culture or any reference where you can infer a lower fear response via damage to the amygdala.
Ect. ect.
What does PTSD stand for? & describe the definition presented in the lecture or name symptoms of this disorder
A chronic condition in which memories of trauma become disabling, uncontrollable, or intrusive,
What is CTE? & what does it stand for?
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, a degenerative brain disease caused by repeated hits to the brain over a period of years
What is sensory memory as described in lecture?
Also known as the "sensory buffer"
Sensate info from our five senses is stored in sensory memory, which is 200-500 milliseconds.
This is related to the process of attention. If information is not being attended to, it will not enter working memory, and subsequently long term memory
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual system, and visual-spatial processing
What are the problems with brain imaging studies using small samples?
2. Results are unreliable
3. There is publication biasWhat is PTSD caused by? - lecture specific
Names brain areas affectedPTSD is caused by physical changes in the brain
The medial frontal cortex, Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala
What do tau proteins do/responsible for?
What happens to them in individuals with CTE?
Stabilize neuronal axons
They malfunction and kill neurons instead of stabilizing them
Why do some people from other cultures have a shorter digit span than others?
The parts of our brains for working memory process phonemes (sounds), not whole words.
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Executive functioning, attention & focus, decision making and impulse control
In the case of CTE in boxers is referred to as what?
"Punch Drunk Syndrome"
Name one of three PTSD symptoms described in lecture
What is unique about these problems/symptoms that come with PTSD?
1. Abnormal Fear Learning
2. Exaggerated threat detection
3. Impaired emotion regulation & executive function
Problems are not caused by any single damage to one area of the brain ( multi-faceted)
What is the lecture's definition of a concussion?
-If needed use notes
A concussion is a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
What is double dissociation & why is important for us from a research standpoint?
Double dissociation is when two mental processes are shown to work independently of each other
In case studies it shows what a damaged part of the brain should do