Definitions
Actions intended to benefit others are called ____ behaviors.
A. altruistic
B. egoistic
C. prosocial
C. prosocial
People are less likely to notice an emergency if they...
A. isplay empathic concern for others.
B. are aware of their surroundings.
C. are under time pressure.
C. are under time pressure.
The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the...
A. motivations of the helper.
B. number of bystanders present.
C. ratio of rewards to costs.
A. motivations of the helper.
Research on attractiveness and helping indicates that...
A. we are less likely to help attractive people because we assume they will reject us.
B. attractive people rarely ask for help and are thus helped less.
C. we are more likely to help attractive people than unattractive people.
C. we are more likely to help attractive people than unattractive people.
Women are more likely than men to help others in situations involving...
A. a man.
B. emotional support.
C. physical danger and an audience.
B. emotional support.
The ability to understand or vicariously experience another’s perspective and to feel sympathy and compassion for that person is called ____.
A. Synergy
B. Symbiosis
C. Empathy
C. Empathy
What would be the right and most effective approach for a person to secure help in an emergency situation?
A. Appear to have the situation entirely under control.
B. Make a very loud general plea for help.
C. Ask a specific individual for help.
C. Ask a specific individual for help.
When Christine sees how upset Jim is about his father’s death, she, too, becomes upset. As a result, she goes out of her way to console Jim. Christine’s actions are consistent with the ___ model.
A. empathy-altruistic
B. cost-reward
C. social exchange
D. self-esteem
A. empathy-altruistic
One reason that perceived similarity may increase helping is that it...
A. causes people to think about their values.
B.enables people to see the power of the situation.
C.provides a meaningful connection between the helper and the person being helped.
D.breaks down dispositional inferences.
C.provides a meaningful connection between the helper and the person being helped.
Suppose Barbara is feeling sad and she sees Mort struggling to move a piece of furniture. She would be most likely to help Mort if Barbara...
A. accepted personal responsibility for her bad mood.
B. was self-focused on her own concerns.
C. and Mort were young children.
A. accepted personal responsibility for her bad mood.
The cognitive component of empathy that involves seeing the world through someone else’s eyes is called_____ taking.
A. empathy
B. sympathy
C. perspective
C. perspective
What are the first 2 steps of helping in an emergency?
1. noticing 2. interpreting
Researchers observed that people may be more likely to remain longer as active volunteers if their initial motivation was more ___.
A. parent-oriented
B. other-oriented
C. self-oriented
C. self-oriented
Research suggests that negative moods tend to enhance helping...
A. almost never
B. always
C. when helping is thought to improve mood.
D. when it makes the other person feel negative too.
C. when helping is thought to improve mood.
Karen and Rob are talking to a mutual friend who suddenly breaks down and asks if one of them can stay and talk about an important problem. Who is probably more likely to help?
A. Neither will help.
B. Rob is more likely to help.
C. Karen is more likely to help.
C. Karen is more likely to help.
Behaviors that are motivated by selfish concerns are best described as _____.
A. Egoistic
B. Superegotistic
C. Altruistic
A. Egoistic
Ginny thinks she hears a husband physically abusing his wife. However, she does not call the police because she is afraid that her neighbors will ostracize her if she is wrong. Ginny’s failure to act is a case of...
A. pluralistic ignorance
B. empathetic concern
C. audience inhibition
C. audience inhibition
Charlene volunteers one afternoon each week at the local soup kitchen because she is genuinely concerned about the welfare of the less fortunate citizens in her community. Charlene’s behavior would best be characterized as...
A. egoistic
B. sympathetic
C. altruistic
C. altruistic
Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers is called...
A. pluralistic reluctance
B. arousal inhibition
C. kin selection
D. audience inhibition.
D. audience inhibition.
Peggy feels sorry for smokers who have lung cancer because she believes they were duped by tobacco companies to develop a deadly addiction and are therefore not responsible for their disease. When asked to donate money to support lung cancer research, Peggy gives generously. Peggy’s prosodies behavior can best be explained by
A. the negative state relief model.
B. attributions of responsibility.
C. a norm of equity.
B. attributions of responsibility.
The proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness is called the ____ model.
A. reciprocal altruistic
B. negative state relief
C. empathy-altruistic
B. negative state relief
Asuni hears her neighbor’s burglar alarm go off in the middle of the night, but she doesn’t call the police because she assumes that one of the other neighbors will do so. Asuni’s failure to call the police is the result of...
A. group polarization
B. pluralistic ignorance
C. diffusion of responsibility
D. audience inhibition
C. diffusion of responsibility
Sandy missed class because she is sick, but Luis did attend the lecture. Sandy asks Luis if she can borrow his notes. If Luis considers Sandy’s situation from her point of view and decides to offer help without expecting some form of payback, he is most likely...
A. invoking the norm of reciprocal altruism.
B. operating under an egoistic motive.
C. operating under an altruistic motive.
C. operating under an altruistic motive.
The bystander effect can be reduced if...
A. the bystanders do not know the victim.
B. a bystander’s training is relevant to the emergency at hand.
C. there are many bystanders.
D. the bystanders do not know each other.
B. a bystander’s training is relevant to the emergency at hand.
People in exchange relationships are more likely than those in communal relationships to...
A. exhibit pure altruism toward one another.
B. demonstrate helping behavior in an effort to alleviate negative mood.
C. feel good about helping one another.
D. get angry at violations of the reciprocity norm.
D. get angry at violations of the reciprocity norm.