Vocabulary
A set of assumptions about an identifiable group of people.
Stereotype
When do we establish a need for close personal contact?
During infancy
What is a schema?
The knowledge or set of assumptions that we develop about any person or event is known as a schema.
Jamie marries someone who is from the same city as her, and went to catholic school. They have similar family dynamics and shared experiences. They also have friends in common. This is an example of....?
Endogamy
Because you love the person
The tendency to form opinions about others based on first impressions.
Primacy effect
Where are you most likely to meet a new friend?
We are more likely to meet people who are in close proximity to us.
We may assume a person will act the same way we do because they are of the same race, gender, or socioeconomic class.
Assumed Similarity Bias
Robert chooses to date women who are on his level of attractiveness. He also tries to date women who are close in age to him because they will most likely have things in common. This is an example of....?
Homogamy
Explain the importance of body language.
If you stand tall with good posture, you convey the impression of self-assurance. If you sit and talk with your arms folded and legs crossed—a closed body position—you communicate that you are protecting yourself. When you unfold your arms and stretch out, your open body position may be saying that you are open to people.
The tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to outside causes but attribute the behavior of others to internal causes.
Actor-Observer Bias
Complementarity is the idea that others have the qualities we lack and they "complement" us. We are attracted to those who have qualities we don't. For example a shy person may find comfort being with someone who is outgoing.
The tendency to attribute the behavior of other people to their disposition, rather than taking into account their situation. For example: the man in traffic honking his horn at you may not be a rude person, he may be trying to get his pregnant wife to the hospital.
Fundamental Attribution Error
You are part of a generation that is distinct from the ones that have gone before you and the ones that will follow after you.
How do parent-child relationships affect future relationships?
Parents set an example of what a relationship should look like. If the child is raised in a loving and healthy environment then the child will grow up to have loving and healthy relationships in the future. This is also true of abusive and unhealthy relationships. We learn from our parents.
The ability of a person to provide another person with sympathy, encouragement, and approval.
Ego-Support Value
Explain the concept of "mere exposure"
After repeated exposure to a person, your sense of familiarity grows.
If we have an overall positive impression of someone, we may dismiss or not believe negative information we hear about them. For example, a teacher may be a big fan of a particular student and may refuse to believe anything negative they hear about the student.
The Halo Effect
What are the three components of Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love?
Intimacy, passion, commitment
Give an example of an "intangible" benefit of friendship.
Intangible means something that cannot be touched. An intangible benefit of friendship would be companionship, encouragement, emotional support.
The ability of a person to interest you in or to expose you to new ideas and experiences.
Stimulation value
What are the three reasons people tend to choose friends with shared attitudes?
1. they agree with each other
2. they feel supported
3. they communicate better
If we receive an A on a test, we attribute our good grade to our hard work and intelligence. If we receive an F on a test, we do not take responsibility for not studying enough, but blame the teacher for being unfair.
Self-Serving Bias
Explain why the divorce rate is so high in the United States?
Explain how physical attractiveness can be positive and negative.
Physical attractiveness is a double edged sword. It can help you gain popularity because people find you appealing, however it can also be used in a negative way. Physically attractive people may never truly feel that they achieve accomplishments because of their merit- they may always question if their success is due to achievement or their physical appearance.