CH.2-3 Ex Phys Review

Enzymes

100

This is the ending suffix of most enzymes 

-ase 

200

This is the role of the enzyme in helping facilitate reactions 

Lowers the activation energy 

300

True or false: enzymes are responsible for beginning reactions

False: they only affect the speed of the reaction 

400

This enzyme breaks down phosphocreatine into Pi and Creatine 

Creatine Kinase 

500

This enzyme is the rate limiting step of glycolysis making sure that glycolysis progresses all the way to producing pyruvate 

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) -> its functioning rate determines the rate of glycolysis

Metabolic Pathways

100

This type of metabolism breaks down its substrates and releases energy

Catabolic metabolism 

200

This is the location of aerobic metabolism 

the mitochondria 

300

This is the term used to describe the chemical processes that turn food into energy forms that the body can use 

metabolism 

400

This is the location of anaerobic metabolism, or glycolysis

the sarcoplasm 

500

This is the final product of glycolysis 

2 pyruvate (2, 3-C subunits), 2 ATP (net gain), 2 NADH + H+

Energy Systems Overview

100

This energy system predominates in the first 30 seconds of exercise and quickly depletes

ATP-PC system

200

These are the substrates used for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

carbs, fats, and protein

300

These two energy systems make up aerobic metabolism

Krebs Cycle & ETC (electron transport chain) 

400

This energy system is responsible for the majority of ATP produced by the body

Electron transport chain (ETC)

500

This energy system oxidizes substrates and produces a small amount of ATP

Krebs Cycle 

Krebs Cycle

100

This compound is the final step and first step in the Krebs cycle

oxaloacetate

200

These are the products of the Krebs cycle per acetyl-CoA molecule

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, 3 NADH

300

This compound is directly produced from the Krebs cycle, but ultimately undergoes substrate phosphorylation to make ATP, resulting in 1 ATP per run of the Krebs

GTP (guanosine triphosphate) 

400

These compounds can theoretically be transformed into acetyl-CoA to enter the Krebs if necessary

Amino Acids & Free Fatty Acids [from triglycerides]

500

These molecules become oxidized during the Krebs cycle, and carry H+ atoms and e-’s to the ETC

NAD & FAD

Electron Transport Chain

100

This molecule acts as the final electron and H+ acceptor in the ETC

Oxygen

200

This reaction occurs when FADH2 and NADH “drop off” their H+ atoms and e-’s at the ETC

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (redox)

300

H’s from this transport molecule produces more ATP compared to the other since it enters the ETC at an earlier point

NADH

400

This is the net amount of ATP aerobically produced from 1 glucose molecule

32 ATP

500

This enzyme phosphorylates ADP to make ATP

ATP Synthase