Ch.3 Sec. 2.7-8 Review

Ch. 3 Sec. 2.7

Ch. 3 Sec. 2.8

Newsela: The Crusades

Academic Voc.

100

^{Cause & Effect:}

not many artifacts and historical writings survived from this time

so....

historians are actually sure what happened

100

I.)....

A.)....

1.) The Catholic Church grew....

1.) The Catholic Church grew in power

100

I.)....

A.)....

2.) Catholic Europe came into conflict with

the ...The Catholic Church grew....

2.) Catholic Europe came into conflict with the ... Islamic/Muslim world

100

At the time, there was lots of fighting going on in the Middle East. On one side was the Byzantine Empire. This was a Christian Empire covering parts of eastern Europe and Turkey. It was also called Eastern Roman Empire because it had continued the Roman Empire after Rome fell.

On the other side were the Turks. The Turks were Muslims, or followers of Islam. Islam is one of the world's main religions. Arab Muslims took over Jerusalem in the 600s. In 1071, the Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire. They also took over Jerusalem from the Arabs. The Turks would not allow Christians to visit the holy city.

_{Which sentence explains one reason why the Crusades happened?}

_A._{Several things led to the Crusades.}

_B._{On one side was the Byzantine Empire.}

_C._{Islam is one of the world's main religions.}

_D._{The Turks would not allow Christians}_{to visit the holy city.}

D. The Turks would not allow Christians to visit the holy city.

100

This is when something shares a border or edge with something else.

contiguous

200

^{Cause & Effect:}

government & rulers were picked by their kinship groups

so....

someone's family was more important than someone's education

200

II.)....

A.)....

#.) the Byzatine Empire ..... many of its

lands

...

#.) the Byzatine Empire lost many of its lands

200

II.)....

A.)....

#.) the Seljuks even threathen to take over

.....

#.) the Seljuks even threathen to take over

Byzantium

200

Select the paragraph that explains how the Second Crusade ended.

The spread of Muslim power led to the Second Crusade. It lasted from 1147 to 1149. The rulers of Germany and France led the Crusade. But it did not succeed. Instead, it hurt the relationship between the Christians and the Byzantine Empire.

In the 1180s a new Muslim leader came to power. His name was Saladin. He took over Egypt and Syria. In 1187, he won two big victories against the Christians. Saladin defeated a Christian army and took control of Jerusalem.

World History

The Crusades: War in the Holy Land

By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff

Text Level 3

07/17/2017

Word Count 657

Richard I leaving England for the Crusades in 1189. Painted by Glyn Warren Philpot between 1925 and 1927.

The Crusades were wars over religion. Europeans fought the Crusades between the 1000s and the 1400s. They wanted to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Holy Land was an area in the Middle East. It included the holy city of Jerusalem. Today it is in the country of Israel.

Origins of the Crusades

Several things led to the Crusades. First, European countries were becoming very strong by the end of the 1000s. The countries were much bigger than they were before. European leaders could finally put together large armies.

The biggest cause of the Crusades was religion. At the time, many Christians believed in holy war. They thought it was their duty to fight for the church. Christians wanted to take back Jerusalem so they could worship there. The city is one of the holiest places in the Christian religion.

Soon the Turks began to gain more power. The Byzantine emperor became worried. He sent a call for help to Pope Urban II, the leader of the Catholic Church. The pope called a meeting in 1095. He told Christians to start a Crusade to take back the Holy Land.

The First Crusade

The pope's speech led to the First Crusade. It lasted from 1096 to 1099. The Christians went first to Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Then they marched across Turkey to a city called Antioch. They spent seven months attacking the city before they captured it.

The Christians went to Jerusalem in 1099. They captured the city on July 15. Then the Christians killed all the people in the city. After the killing, they went to pray at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Many Christians returned home. But others decided to stay in Jerusalem. They built castles to protect the Holy Land.

Second and Third Crusades

Saladin's victory led to the Third Crusade. It lasted from 1189 to 1191. King Richard I of England tried to take back Jerusalem but did not succeed. But the king made a treaty with Saladin. It allowed Christians to visit Jerusalem.

200

This is the ability to spread sickness or infections.

contagious

300

^{Cause & Effect:}

the Caliphate of Cordoba was leader by Islamic leaders

so....

it came into conflict with European Christian kingdoms

300

II.)....

B.)....

#.) the Pope declared that there should be

holy-war to take back....

#.) the Pope declared that there should be a

holy-war to take back the Seljuk/Holyland

300

I.)....

B.)....

#.) the Byzantines sent a messenger to ....

#.) the Byzantines sent a messanger to Rome

300

Fill in the blank.

A Crusade is ____.

_{A. a war that Christians fought to protect Muslims}

_{B. a war that Europeans fought to stop religion in Jerusalem}

_{C. a war that Christians fought to try to take over the Holy Land}

_{D. a war that Europeans fought to bring peace to the Holy Land}

C. a war that Christians fought to try to take over the Holy Land

300

This is when a straight line touches only one point on a curved line. When someone becomes distracted and goes off topic.

tangent

400

^{Cause & Effect:}

the Catholic Church filled in the power vacuum of the Western Roman Empire

so....

it became the only source for art & education in Europe

400

IV.)....

B.)....

#.) In total, there were .... wars called

Crusades

#.) In total, there were 9 wars called

Crusades

400

IV.)....

C.)....

#.) During the 1st Crusade, crusaders

massacred the population of ...

#.) During the 1st Crusade, crusaders

massacred the population of Jerusalem

400

_{Which word is CLOSEST in meaning to the word "Empire" in the selection?}

_A._ruler

_B_{_.area}

_C_{_.kingdom}

_D_{_.commander}

C. kingdom

400

This is your mind which is below your level of awareness: thoughts that you're unaware of.

subconscious

500

^{Cause & Effect:}

Islamic rulers of the Caliphate of Cordoba allowed people to keep their religion and langauges

so....

it became very diverse

500

V.)....

B.)....

#.) Crusaders returned home with the ....

numeral system

#.) Crusaders returned home with the Arabic

numeral system

500

V.)....

C.)....

#.) Brought new things from the Silk Road

to Europe, like .....

#.) Brought new things from the Silk Road

to Europe, like (spice/clothing/food/technologies)

500

Which sentence from the article BEST supports the conclusion that even though not all the Crusades were won, they had a major effect on history?

A. They were designed to take back control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.

B. However, the Crusades played an important role in the growth of Europe.

C. But after 1000, more and more Christians began visiting the city of Jerusalem in the Holy Land.

D. They built castles and established Crusader states to protect the Holy Land.

B. However, the Crusades played an important role in the growth of Europe.

500

This is keeping a clean environment.

sanitation