Foundations
He showed that speech varies in regular ways, not randomly.
Who is Labov?
A line on a map where a language feature changes.
What is an isogloss?
City mixing + leveling → a new common city speech.
What is koineization?
A contact code with no native speakers.
What is a pidgin?
In Arabic morphology, feminine is treated as this (relative to masculine).
What is marked?
These social ties (tight or loose) help keep/change speech
What are social networks?
These two words mean the map in people’s heads vs actual data.
What are mental maps vs usage maps?
Spread/visibility of Bedouin features in mixed settings.
What is Bedouinization?
When that (contact) code becomes kids’ first language.
What is a creole?
In Al-Ahram obituaries, women’s names are often…
What are omitted/given only relationally?
The phrase for “structured variation,” not chaos.
What is orderly heterogeneity?
One reason dialect borders are fuzzy.
What is mixing/transition zones (features overlap)?
After big migration, this Egyptian city became a classic case of mixing.
What is Cairo?
Common word order in these contact varieties.
What is SVO?
In the bargaining study, who was more direct/insistent?
Who are WOMEN?