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States of consciousness
Learning (objective)
Learning (subjective)
Memory (basics)
Memory (tougher)
100
A recurring sleep stage in which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also called 'paradoxical sleep' (2 words)
What is Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep
100
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response (2 words)
What is unconditioned stimulus
100
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it (2 words)
What is latent learning
100
The processing of information into the memory system--for example, by extracting meaning (hint: not storage)
What is encoding
100
Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, frequency, and of well-learned info such as the meaning of words. (2 words)
What is automatic processing
200
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring larger amounts to cause the same effects
What is tolerance
200
In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (2 words)
What is conditioned response
200
Behavior that is positive, constructive, and helpful. (2 words)
What is prosocial behavior
200
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (2 words)
What is effortful processing
200
A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory (2 words)
What is working memory
300
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood (2 words)
What is psychoactive drug
300
A chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. (2 words)
What is operant chamber
300
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
What is generalization
300
The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words (2 words)
What is semantic encoding
300
Retention independent of conscious recollection. (also called procedural memory) (2 words)
What is implicit memory
400
A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
What is dissociation
400
Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinners term for behavior learned through classical conditioning (2 words)
What is respondent behavior
400
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment (2 words)
What is cognitive map
400
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting only a few tenths of a second (2 words)
What is iconic memory
400
An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. (3 words, not technically though)
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)
500
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) (2 words)
What is REM rebound
500
A type of punishment in which a desirable stimulus is removed. Phone being taken away, drivers license revoked, etc. (2 words)
What is negative punishment
500
Thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by a favorable consequence become more likely, and behaviors followed by an unfavorable response become less likely (3 words)
What is law of effect
500
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds (2 words)
What is echoic memory
500
You've got cajones, your reward is an 'easy' question. Attributing to the wrong source and event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Along with the misinformation effect, this is at the heart of many false memories (2 words)
What is source amnesia (source misattribution)