Definitions Ch.7
Mental representation of stimuli that isn't actually present
Mental imagery
Cognitive shortcut
Heuristic
Decision time influenced by amount of mental time it takes to rotate an image
Shepard & Matzler (1971) on Imagery and rotation
organized knowledge about the world, includes general knowledge, lexical or language knowledge, and conceptual knowledge
Semantic Memory
Activated by superordinate terms
prefrontal cortex
Create mental image similar to actual stimuli in the retina
Analog Approach
angles on map closer to 90 degrees than what they actually are
90 degree heuristic
Primary motor cortex activated in mental rotation
Kosslyn, Thompson (2001) Imagery and rotation
general knowledge about a situation, event, or person
Schemas
Activated by subordinate terms
parietal region
Image stored in language like form
Propositional Approach
figures more symmetrical than they actually are
symmetric heuristic
Visual imagery and perception activate 70-90 percent of the same brain regions
Kosslyn(2004) The imagery debate
logical interpretations and conclusions not part of the original stimulus
Inference
Use of prototype approach
Mental orginization
Producing sound when it is not present
Auditory Imagery
object either more horizontal or vertical than they actually are
Rotation heuristic
Prosopognosia- innability to recognize human faces visually
Pylyshyn(2006)
we decide whether an item belongs to a category by comparing it to a prototype
Prototype approach
Example of benefit
family resemblance
Mental representation of geographic info.
Cognitive Map
series of seperate geographical structures are more lined up than they actually are
Alignment heuristic
Reversing mental images is difficult to do
Chambers and Reisberg(1985)
we decide whether an item belongs to a category by comparing it to examples of that category
Exemplar Approach
Did research on this approach and categorization
Rosch and colleagues (1976)