Ch.8 Definitions
What does the term “group” mean?
A. A set of individuals who interact over time and have shared fate, goals, or identity
B. A set of rigid boundaries and norms
C. A social category
A. A set of individuals who interact over time and have shared fate, goals, or identity
In her group, Melanie is always the one who breaks the tension with a funny story and provides a shoulder to cry on when things go wrong. She can be described as playing a(n) ____ role.
A. Expressive
B. Normative
C. Instrumental
A. Expressive
Expressive roles are those who provides emotional support/care.
In relationships, the mutual exchange between what we give and what we receive is called....
A. symmetry.
B. dissimilar avoidance.
C. reciprocity.
C. reciprocity.
Which of the following people sounds most like he has an anxious attachment style?
A. Wayne relies heavily on others for support and acceptance.
B. Keyshawn very much wants to be close to his partner, but fears that his affections won’t be returned.
C. Vinnie values intimacy, finds it easy to get close to others, and trusts his partner.
B. Keyshawn very much wants to be close to his partner, but fears that his affections won’t be returned.
The belief that physically attractive individuals also possess desirable personality characteristics is called the...
A. what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype.
B.matching phenomenon.
C. aesthetic appeal of beauty.
A. what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype.
____is the process by which the presence of others causes people to lose their identity.
Deindividuation
Tim cyber bullies his neighbors, and his behavior is often disgraceful. Which of the following group dynamics does his behavior demonstrate?
Deindividuation
According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, the basic components of love are...
A. rewards, costs, and investments.
B. romance, companionship, and reciprocity.
C. intimacy, passion, and commitment.
C. intimacy, passion, and commitment.
Juanita wants her date, a man she finds very attractive, to perceive her as very attractive. What color dress should she wear to her sorority formal to promote this perception?
A. White, to symbolize her desire to be married.
B. Black, because it looks good on everyone.
C. Red, because red has been shown to increase desire.
C. Red, because red has been shown to increase desire.
Keith and David are most likely to have a communal relationship if they are ____ and most likely to have an exchange relationship if they are ____.
A. business partners; friends
B. teammates; brothers
C. romantic partners; strangers
C. romantic partners; strangers
Groups differ from collectives in that...
A. collectives, but not groups, engage in common activities.
B. collectives have more direct interaction with one another than groups
C. groups have more direct interaction with one another than collectives.
C. groups have more direct interaction with one another than collectives.
One effective way for a leader to reduce the possibility of groupthink is to...
A. express opinions only after other group members have voiced their opinions.
B. take a more directive role in the group discussion.
C. emphasize that the group decision must be a unanimous one.
A. express opinions only after other group members have voiced their opinions.
The way a person typically interacts with significant others is called a(n)
A. Attachment Style
B. Gender Role
C. Self-Disclosure
A. Attachment Style
_______ leads to a change in belief or behavior as a result of group pressure.
Conformity
Bruce and Pam have just started dating. According to social exchange theory, their relationship is likely to last longer and be more satisfying if they each feel that...
A. the rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the costs of maintaining the relationship.
B. the rewards gained from the relationship are equal to the costs of maintaining the relationship.
C. the costs of maintaining the relationship are shared equally between them.
A. the rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the costs of maintaining the relationship.
___ ____ is an increase in group performance such that the group outperforms the individuals who comprise the group.
A. Process Loss
B. Process Gain
C. Group Polarization
B. Process Gain
Sheila and Peter are invited to a masquerade party. At the party, people start insulting and pushing around Parker, another guest at the party. Given the research on deindividuation, which of the following statements is most likely to be false?
A. If Sheila was dressed as a nun and Peter was dressed as a priest, their costumes would decrease the likelihood that they would behave aggressively toward Parker.
B. If Sheila and Peter were dressed in costumes in which they could not be recognized, Peter would likely behave more aggressively toward Parker than would Sheila.
C. If Sheila and Peter believed that at the end of the party all the guests would have to reveal their true identities, they would be less likely to behave aggressively toward Parker.
B. If Sheila and Peter were dressed in costumes in which they could not be recognized, Peter would likely behave more aggressively toward Parker than would Sheila.
What is the "mere-exposure" effect?
Multiple ways to say it but: Someone you see regularly just grows on you after a while.
_______ is a conflict resolution method which attempts to find “win-win” scenario for disputing parties.
Negotiation
Shari is a 42-year-old woman who has wanted to find a husband for many years. She has had several successful dating relationships, but they never seem to “go the distance.” In addition, Shari does not have a true “best friend” to rely on in times of personal distress. Shari is likely experiencing ____ loneliness.
A. Companionate
B. Consummate
C. Intimate
D. Relational
C. Intimate; this type of loneliness is when we crave close relationships and affection.
A decrease in overall job performance within a team is least likely to occur in which scenario?
A. Daphne isn’t quite sure what her role in the group is.
B. Fred must play both an instrumental and an expressive role in the group.
C. Velma’s role in the group seems to be constantly changing.
D. Shaggy seems to have a defined instrumental role in the group.
D. Shaggy seems to have a defined instrumental role in the group.
Back in 1898 Triplett had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could. He found that children performed _______ when in the presence of other children.
better/faster
alternative answer: the children were faster when another child was present rather than when they were alone
When people prefer those who are selective in their social choices over the ones who are readily available, it is due to the ____ ___ ____ effect.
hard to get
Groupthink is more likely to occur when...
A. if the group lacks a strong directive leader.
B. in low-stress situations.
C. when groups have systematic decision-making procedures.
D. in highly cohesive groups.
D. in highly cohesive groups.
Someone who argues that attraction is simply a function of wanting to have healthy offspring probably endorses...
A. the approach of evolutionary psychology.
B.the matching hypothesis of attraction.
C. the social exchange theory of attraction.
A. the approach of evolutionary psychology.