The processing of information into the memory system
What is Encoding
100
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
What is Short-Term Memory
100
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is Sensory Memory
100
Our tendency to recall the last and first items in a list
What is Serial Positioning Effect
100
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
What is Source Amnesia
200
The retention of encoded information over time
What is Storage
200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is Chunking
200
The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
What is Semantic Encoding
200
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
What is Iconic Memory
200
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
What is Misinformation Effect
300
The process of getting information out of memory storage
What is Retrieval
300
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood
What is Mood-congruent Memory
300
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is Proactive Interference
300
An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is Long-Term Potentiation
300
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
What is Priming
400
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
What is Effortful Processing
400
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
What is Relearning
400
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is Retroactive Interference
400
A neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
What is Hippocampus
400
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
What is Echoic Memory
500
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
What is Rehearsal
500
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned
What is Recognition
500
A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
What is Working Memory
500
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
What is Repression
500
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice