Opioids
This serious adverse effect requires close monitoring after opioid administration.
What is respiratory depression?
This over-the-counter medication reduces pain and fever but has minimal anti-inflammatory effects.
What is acetaminophen?
Applying this shortly after an acute injury helps decrease swelling and pain.
What is ice (cold therapy)?
These patients don't want to be a burden to the nurse and may not report chronic, bothersome pain.
What is the elderly population?
This is the gold standard for a comprehensive pain assessment.
What is the patient's self-report?
This medication rapidly reverses an opioid overdose.
What is naloxone?
Ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketorolac belong to this medication class.
What are NSAIDs?
This therapy uses low-voltage electrical current to reduce pain by stimulating blood flow to the area.
What is TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)?
These patients often need more doses or higher doses of pain medication to relieve pain.
What are patients with substance abuse disorder?
Location, intensity, quality, duration/onset, and aggravating factors.
What are components of a comprehensive pain assessment?
This opioid receptor is primarily responsible for analgesia and respiratory depression.
What is the mu (μ) receptor?
Long-term NSAID use increases the risk for these two major complications.
What are gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney injury?
Examples include physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, low-impact exercise programs, pressure therapy, and massage.
What are physical modalities for pain management?
The presence of withdrawal symptoms when opioids are suddenly stopped or rapidly reduced, or when naloxone is given.
What is physical dependence?
These medication classifications can be used to help with muscle relaxation and sleep, and can help lower the dose of opioid needed for pain relief.
What are benzodiazepines and antihistamines (anxiolytics)?
Two nurse verification, pain assessments at least every 2 hours, and educating the patient on how pain will be managed with the device.
This medication class is commonly prescribed for neuropathic pain and includes gabapentin and pregabalin.
What are anticonvulsants?
Provider (physician) or physical therapist
Who are the only people who can change the voltage and pulsation of a TENS unit?
Irritability, facial grimacing, protecting the painful area, drawing the knees up, and sleep disturbances.
What are signs and symptoms of pain in the pediatric population?
What are side effects of cannabis?
This rare but serious complication of intraspinal analgesia may present with headache, stiff neck, elevated temperature, severe back pain, and redness and swelling at the insertion site.
What is an infection?
This antidepressant class is commonly used for chronic neuropathic pain.
What are SNRIs?
Examples include prayer, reading, meditation, guided imagery, distraction, and aromatherapy.
What are cognitive-behavioral modalities for pain management.
This is often mistaken for addiction.
What is pseudoaddiction?
This type of pain management is often used with patients with chronic cancer pain or for patients 24-48 hours after surgery.
What is around-the-clock dosing?