Preggers
While most IV agents are safe, why do pregnant patients require a lower Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) of volatile anesthetics?
Increased alveolar ventilation combined with decreased FRC results in faster maternal uptake.
These three EKG changes—Q waves, long QT intervals, and these types of T-waves—can be seen with elevated ICP.
What are deep, inverted T-waves?
An Apfel score of 3 translates to approximately this percentage risk of developing PONV.
What is 60%?
This intravenous fluid is strictly avoided in patients with pyloric stenosis because the liver converts its components into bicarbonate, worsening alkalosis
What is Lactated Ringers?
In severe dehydration from pyloric stenosis, the kidneys conserve sodium at the expense of secreting this ion, leading to paradoxical aciduria.
What is the Hydrogen ion?
This percentage represents the increase in cardiac output seen in the pregnant patient at term.
What is 40–50%?
This radiographic finding on a CT scan, if greater than 0.5 cm, is a definitive indicator of elevated ICP.
What is a midline shift?
This is the most suggestive finding of elevated ICP during a fundoscopic examination
What is Papilledema?
This intraoperative gas should be avoided in abdominal wall defect repairs to prevent bowel distension.
What is Nitrous Oxide?
This congenital defect occurs to the right of the umbilicus and lacks a protective peritoneal sac.
What is Gastroschisis?
While maternal BUN and Creatinine decrease by 50% during pregnancy, it is due to an increase in these two renal parameters.
What are Renal Blood Flow and GFR?
In Parkinson’s disease, these two specific types of antiemetics must be avoided as they are dopamine antagonists.
What are Metoclopramide and Droperidol/Haloperidol?
Unlike the Apfel score, this drug class used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade is an independent risk factor for PONV.
What is Neostigmine (or Physostigmine)?
For a child with a URI, these four specific physical exam findings should prompt an immediate cancellation of an elective case.
What are rhonchi/wheezing, productive cough, fever, or lethargy?
This specific muscle type in the pylorus undergoes idiopathic hypertrophy, causing gastric outlet obstruction.
What is circular smooth muscle?
When performing non-obstetric surgery on a viable fetus (>24 weeks), this monitoring should be performed during both the pre- and post-operative periods.
What are Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) and contraction monitoring?
Autonomic Hyperreflexia is triggered by this type of stimulation originating below the level of the spinal cord injury.
What is visceral or cutaneous stimulation?
Patients with a history of motion sickness are at higher risk for PONV because of a sensitive pathway in this specific system.
What is the vestibular system?
In former preterm infants, this hematologic value being less than 30% independently increases the risk of postoperative apnea.
What is Hematocrit (Hct)?
This is the primary reason why Pyloric Stenosis is classified as a medical emergency rather than surgical—specifically to avoid the patient becoming this.
What is "un-resuscitable"?
There is no evidence that modern anesthetic agents cause these in humans.
What are birth defects (congenital anomalies)?
These four "prongs" are used to determine if a psychiatric patient has the clinical capacity to consent.
What are Choice, Understanding, Appreciation, and Reasoning?
If a patient is at 50 weeks PCA but has a history of this specific condition, they still require 12-hour monitoring.
What is apnea (or chronic lung disease/neurological disease/anemia)?
Primary closure of an abdominal wall defect is contraindicated if the patient’s inspiratory pressures exceed this range
What is 25-30 cmH2O?
Gastroschisis typically has a lower incidence of these systemic anomalies compared to Omphalocele
What are cardiac defects?