Food
This, lasting from about 800-1200 ce, brought improved farm production.
What is a wamer climate?
This was an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation.
The expansion of trade is referred to as this.
What was the Commercial Revolution?
Traders needed this as they traveled from fair to fair.
What was large amounts of cash or credit?
European contact with Muslims grew during the period of these.
What were the Crusades?
For hundreds of years, peasants used this to plow the fields.
What are oxen?
This group formed the majority in the cloth and brewing guilds.
Who were women?
Most trade took place here.
What were towns and cities?
This helped merchants understand how much their money was worth.
What was exchange rates?
Muslim and Byzantine libraries housed copies of these works.
Who were Greek philosophers?
Horses gradually replaced oxen because of this invention.
What is a better fitting harness?
These are the three levels of guild membership.
What are:
Apprentice
Journeyman
Master
Fairs were usually held during these.
What were religious festivals?
This became an important industry, especially in Italy.
What is banking?
The works of Greek philosophers disappeared in Western Europe as a result of this.
What was the fall of the Roman Empire?
This system helped farmers to produce more crops.
What is the three-field system?
These are examples of guild services to MEMBERS.
What are:
Set working conditions.
Health insurance.
Funeral expenses.
Dowries for poor girls.
This was the most commonly traded item.
What was cloth?
Merchants had to do this in order to trade across vast areas.
What was borrow money?
A group of scholars meeting was called this.
What is a university?
This was the result of better food production.
What is an increase in population?
These were examples of guild services to the COMMUNITY:
What were:
Almshouses.
Guarantee of quality.
Took turns policing the streets.
Donated windows to the Church.
Italian merchants accessed ports along this body of water:
What was the Mediterranean Sea?
This famous Italian family got their start in banking.
Who were the Medici?
Works written in this language grew in popularity.
What was the vernacular?