Particle Motion
When air particles get hotter, this happens
They speed up/get farther apart
What is the relationship between volume and temperature?
Temperature goes up, so does volume
Thermal energy always moves in this direction
From hot to cold
The amount of force per unit area on a surface
What is pressure?
What is a phase change?
Changing from one state of matter to another
When air particles are cooled, this happens
They slow down/get closer together
This condition must stay constant for Charles's Law to apply
Pressure
This is the difference between heat and thermal energy
Heat is thermal energy moving
How does water stay in a straw when you block the top of the straw?
More air pressure at the bottom.
This is the phase change from solid to liquid
Melting
When a balloon is heated, the balloon gets ______
Bigger
The volume of a gas will do this when the temperature decreases
Decrease
This is the definition of a system for energy transfer
All of the pieces involved in the transfer of energy
When the temperature of a gas increases, the pressure _______
Increases
The opposite of vaporization is _________
Condensation
When air cools, the space between its particles gets _______
Smaller/ closer together
Definition: When a gas heats up, its volume also increases (thermal _______)
Thermal expansion
The difference between an open system and a closed system
In an open system, energy can escape to the surroundings
When temperature decreases, the pressure of a gas will _______
Decrease
Pressure affects vaporization in this way
Higher pressure makes it harder for a liquid to turn into a gas
Describe the affect of temperature on the volume of a gas
When the gas heats up, the volume goes up
A basketball left outside in the cold looks deflated. Why?
The air inside got cold and volume went down.
Describe an example of thermal energy transfer in the real world.
An ice cube melting in your hand.
How can changing the temperature make the pressure change inside a closed bottle?
The particles in the bottle move faster and spread apart, creating more pressure.
Why does higher air pressure make it harder to boil water?
The air pushes harder on the liquid and keeps it in the liquid phase.