Causes and consequences of urbanisation
The process where people move from rural areas to cities.
What is urbanisation?
The way cities and towns are spread out or clustered across a country.
What is an urban settlement pattern?
The movement of people within the same country from one place to another.
What is internal migration?
The movement of people from one country to another to live, work, or study.
What is international migration?
The forecasted increase in the number of people living in Australia over the coming decades.
What is population growth?
One key reason people move from rural areas to cities in China, often to find work in factories or offices.
What is employment/job opportunities?
The pattern where most of Australia’s population lives in cities along the coast rather than inland.
What is coastal concentration?
A common reason people move from rural areas to cities within Australia or China
What is employment or job opportunities?
One major reason people migrate to Australia from other countries.
What is employment, education, or safety?
A potential problem cities might face as Australia’s population grows, such as more traffic, housing pressure, or pollution.
What is congestion and population pressure
The pattern where most of China’s large cities are located along the east coast near major rivers and ports.
What is urbanisation concentrated in eastern/coastal China?)
The pattern in China where major cities are concentrated along the east coast and major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow River.
What is clustered urban settlement along the coast and rivers?
A trend in Australia where people move from capital cities to regional or coastal towns, often for lifestyle reasons.
What is internal migration to regional or coastal areas?
A country that has sent many migrants to Australia in recent decades, contributing to its cultural diversity.
What is China?
A strategy used to make cities more sustainable, such as building energy-efficient homes, green spaces, or better public transport.
What is sustainable urban planning?
A social or economic result of urbanisation in China that includes housing shortages, overcrowding, or pressure on services.
What is pressure on housing and services?
Two factors that influence why cities are concentrated in Australia and China, such as climate, transport networks, or access to resources.
What are climate and transport networks?
A social or economic effect of internal migration on destination areas, such as cities or regional towns.
What is pressure on housing, services, or infrastructure?
A factor that explains why international migrants are more likely to settle in cities rather than rural areas in Australia.
What is access to jobs, services, transport, or existing communities?
One way individuals or communities can help create a more sustainable urban future, such as walking, cycling, recycling, or using public transport.
What is reducing car use or living sustainably?
An environmental impact of rapid urbanisation in China caused by factories, traffic, and energy use, leading to health and environmental problems.
What is air pollution?
A consequence of high urban concentration in cities like Sydney or Shanghai that affects liveability and sustainability.
What is traffic congestion, housing pressure, or pollution?
An environmental or social consequence of internal migration that affects either the place people leave or the place they move to.
What is urban overcrowding, environmental stress, or population decline in rural areas?
A characteristic or spatial pattern of Australia’s cultural diversity that has developed because of international migration.
What is multicultural cities, ethnic precincts, or cultural clustering?
(e.g. Chinatowns, Little India
The three key types of sustainability that urban planning must balance to ensure cities remain liveable as Australia’s population grows.
What are environmental, social, and economic sustainability?