Hematopoieses
____________the process by which blood cells are produced and developed from stem cells in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Complete Blood Count (CBC) Measures levels of __________________, ________________ and__________________
red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
_____________________Used for iron deficiency anemia. Nursing implications include monitoring for side effects like constipation, gastrointestinal upset, and ensuring the patient takes the supplement with vitamin C to enhance absorption.
Iron Supplements:
The physical assessment should be comprehensive and include careful attention to the ____________,_________________, ______________, and ____________.
skin, oral cavity, lymph nodes, and spleen.
Hematopoiesis
complex process of the formation and maturation of blood cells
Platelets are essential for ____________and _____________________
blood clotting and wound healing
___________________________Provides information on the size, shape, and number of blood cells. It helps diagnose conditions such as leukemia, malaria, and anemias.
Peripheral Blood Smear
___________________________For anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy. Nursing implications include monitoring hemoglobin levels and watching for high blood pressure or thrombotic events.
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs):
Gray-tan or bronze skin color (especially genitalia, scars, exposed areas)
Hemochromatosis
hemostasis
Intricate balance between clot formation and maturation of blood cells
The process by which platelets are produced from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
Thrombopoiesis
________________________ These tests measure the time it takes for blood to clot. Abnormal results may indicate clotting disorders like hemophilia or vitamin K deficiency. Nursing implications include monitoring for bleeding or clotting tendencies in patients.
Coagulation Studies (PT, aPTT, INR)
__________________________ For megaloblastic anemias. Nurses should assess for signs of neuropathy or gastrointestinal issues and educate patients about dietary sources.
Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid Supplements
Angular cheilosis (ulceration at corners of mouth)
Anemia
Fibrinogen
protein converted into fibrin to form thrombus and clot
involves differentiation into various types of leukocytes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Leukopoiesis
_______________Useful in diagnosing specific types of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia will present with low serum iron and ferritin levels
Erythropoietin and Iron Studies:
___________________Used in cases of severe anemia, blood loss, or clotting disorders.
Blood Transfusions:
Rib/sternal tenderness to palpation
Leukemia, myeloma
Natural Killer (NK) calls
Lymphocytes that defend against microorganisms and malignant cells
The process of producing red blood cells, which carry oxygen to tissues. It is primarily regulated by erythropoietin,
Erythropoiesis
_________________________is a more invasive test that assesses the health and function of the bone marrow. Nursing care involves preparing the patient for the procedure and managing pain and anxiety.
Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy:
When is stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplantation used
For certain blood cancers or marrow failure syndromes.
Blood Transfusion Nursing implications include________________, ________________, or ___________________________
ensuring compatibility of blood products, monitoring for allergic reactions, or transfusion-related reactions (e.g., fever, chills, or hemolytic reactions).
plasminogen
protein converted to plasmin to dissolve thrombi and clots