Chap 3
List the three essential institutions of a modern democratic government.
The three essential institutions of a modern democratic government are the Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.
Define the term communication.
Communication is a message understood. It is social interaction through messages. Communication is also sharing of experience.
Around 1439, who first ever developed printing?
Ans: Johannes Gutenburg of Germany was the first to develop printing around 1439.
How can the mass media can act as a bridge between the government and the people? Give two examples.
Media can act as a bridge between the government and people as it helps to convey information between them.
The media not only informs the people about a decision taken by the government but also explains the effect of that decision. This helps the people voice their feelings.
For example:
The government decides that the prices of petrol and diesel will either be increased or decreased. That decision is conveyed to the people by the media.
If the agricultural department develops a new improved, high yielding strain of wheat or rice. Farmers are informed about the new variety, how it has to be used or what benefits they would get if they use it.
State any two ways in which mass media can contribute in a democracy.
Two ways in which mass media can contribute in a democracy are:
The media not only informs the people about a decision taken by the government but also explains the effect of that decision.
Governments use the mass media and also have media agencies and departments to inform the public about their policies. These agencies of the central governments function under the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Name the five senses used by human beings for communication?
The five senses used by humans beings for communication are:
Touch
Sight
Taste
Hearing
Smell
What is wireless communication and when was it discovered?
Wireless Communication is a method of transmitting information from one point to another, without using any connection like wires, cables or any physical medium.
Samuel Morse was the first to start sending messages using a code in 1835.
Briefly discuss any THREE positive effects of the media.
Three positive effects of media are:
Media provides news and information to the people.
Media can educate the public.
Media helps a democracy function effectively. They inform the public about government policies and programmes and how these programmes can be useful to them.
Media can entertain people.
Explain in detail the relationship between mass media and democracy.
Media can be called the fourth pillar of a democracy.
Media can act as a bridge between the government and people as it helps to convey information between them.
The media not only informs the people about a decision taken by the government but also explains the effect of that decision. This helps the people voice their feelings.
For example: The government decides that the prices of petrol and diesel will either be increased or decreased. That decision is conveyed to the people by the media.
Give any five reasons why we communicate.
We communicate to:
Ask questions and get answers
Seek information
Discuss problems and come to conclusions
Exchange our ideas
Persuade or motivate someone
What are the three major functions of mass communication?
The three major functions of mass communication are to Inform, Educate and Entertain.
Inform - They inform us of some event or happening. For example, a news item in a newspaper.
Educate - A doctor speaks on television about how to prevent a disease. Or experts tell farmers on radio about a new seed or agricultural practice. Thereby, the farmers are educated.
Entertain - All the commercial cinema, television serials and music programmes are entertaining.
Write any four media ethics.
The following are four media ethics:
Accuracy: The information provided by media persons in the print media, radio, television and internet has to be accurate. If incorrect or baseless information is given, it can harm the interests of individuals, institutions and the country.
Confidentiality: A media person maintains confidentiality of information revealed by various sources.
Protection of sources: A source which has provided confidential information should never be revealed.
Right to privacy: A journalist should respect the right of a person to have privacy. That would mean that a journalist should not write about the private life of ordinary citizens.
What are media ethics? List out the ethical codes to be practiced by media persons.
Media also needs to have guidelines on what is right or wrong. These are called media ethics. The ethical codes to be practiced by media persons are:
Accuracy: The information provided by media persons in the print media, radio, television and internet has to be accurate.
Confidentiality: A media person maintains confidentiality of information revealed by various sources.
Protection of sources: A source which has provided confidential information should never be revealed.
Right to privacy: A journalist should respect the right of a person to have privacy. That would mean that a journalist should not write about the private life of ordinary citizens.
No incitement to violence: Mass media should not motivate or provoke people to indulge in violence or crime.
No vulgarity or obscenity: Mass Media should not write, display or broadcast anything that is vulgar or obscene.
No Communal writing: Media should avoid writing or broadcasting issues which can promote communal problems.
Write any four advantages of Oral Communication.
Four advantages of oral communication are: (Any 4)
It is spontaneous and natural
Easy for others to understand.
Choice of words suits the listeners.
Supported by nonverbal communication.
The communicator is always physically present.
Can develop close relations between speaker and listener.
What is ‘convergence’ and how is it related to new media?
Development and widespread use of computers and information technology have resulted in the emergence of what is called ‘new media’.
It includes computers, information technology, communication networks and digital media.
This has led to another process in mass communication called ‘convergence’.
Convergence means coming together of many forms of media and other formats like printed text, photographs, films, recorded music or radio, television etc.
List out any four negative effects of media.
Four negative effects of media are:
The traditional culture of a country is adversely affected by mass media.
Entertainment has become the main component of mass media. This affects the primary objectives of the media to inform and educate the people.
Media could promote violence.
Mass media may promote the desire in people to buy and own products that are advertised through the media but which may not be essential for them.
Discuss the various positive and negative effects of media on people.
The various positive positive effects of the media on public are:
Media provides news and information to the people.
Media can educate the public.
Media helps a democracy function effectively. They inform the public about government policies and programmes and how these programmes can be useful to them.
Media can entertain people.
Media has brought people of the world closer to each other.
The various negative effects of the media on the public are:
The traditional culture of a country is adversely affected by mass media.
Entertainment has become the main component of mass media. This affects the primary objectives of the media to inform and educate the people.
Media could promote violence.
Mass media may promote the desire in people to buy and own products that are advertised through the media but which may not be essential for them.
Discuss four types of communication.
The Types of Communication can be broadly categorized as:
Intrapersonal communication
This means communicating with oneself. It is essential for our growth as responsible members of society.
Example - A cricketer muttering to themselves while playing a match.
Interpersonal communication
When you come face to face with someone and communicate with that person it is called interpersonal communication. Can be in a formal setting or an informal setting.
Example - Waking up in the morning and talking to your family members.
Communication can also be categorized as:
Group communication
Situations in which a group of people, generally known to each other, meet and talk to each other may be called group communication.
Eg - Group of residents in an area.
Public communication
Public communication may be defined as a situation where many people receive messages from one person.
Eg - Election meeting of a political party or a religious leader giving a discourse.