DNA and Genes
Definition of DNA
Definition of transcription
The process cells use to make RNA copies of a gene
Definition of mitosis
Process of the cell cycle that ensures that each new daughter cell produced has the same number and kinds of genes as the original parent cell.
Definition of meiosis
The process that reduces by half the amount of DNA present in each sperm or egg cell
The shape of a DNA molecule
What is a double helix (twisted ladder)?
Definition of translation
The process of converting the DNA code into a protein
The part of the cell cycle in which cells grow and carry out normal cell functions.
What is interphase?
Definition of gametes
A sperm cell or an egg cell
The four bases that make up the "rungs" of the DNA molecule.
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
The slightly different copy of DNA used in transcription.
What is RNA (or mRNA)?
The part of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
The difference between haploid and diploid cells
Diploid cells have two complete sets of genes (2n)
Haploid cells have just one complete set of genes (n)
The section of a DNA molecule that gives codes for a specific protein.
What is a gene?
The organelle mRNA is sent to in order to build proteins
What are ribosomes?
The part of the cell cycle in which new chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and new nuclear membranes form around each group of chromosomes.
What is telophase?
A slightly different version of a gene that codes for the same trait (like eye color).
What is an allele?
The two features of DNA that determine what kind of protein will be built using its information.
The kind of protein built is determined by
1) nucleotides present
2) order within the gene
The RNA tells the ribosome how to build new proteins by lining up these two structures.
What are codons and anticodons?
The part of the cell cycle in which a parent cell pinches in between two new nuclei until cytoplasm is divided and two new cells are formed.
What is cytokinesis?
The joining of gametes and the result of that process.
What is fertilization and a zygote?