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1. A ______ investigation is typically conducted in crimes like homicide, robbery, and rape.
a. sting
b. fencing
c. reactive
d. decoy
c. reactive
6. An investigator who views the role of the police as primarily defensive while trying to capitalize on mistakes made by the perpetrator conceives of the criminal investigation process as a ______.
a. battle
b. puzzle
c. game
d. maze
c. game
11. In which would investigators conduct a follow-up investigation?
a. A case not solved during the initial investigation was found to have sufficient solvability factors.
b. A case was solved in the initial investigation, but the public does not believe the outcome.
c. A case was solved in the initial investigation, but the victim was not satisfied with its results.
d. A case was prematurely “cleared on arrest,” but police now think the wrong person was convicted.
a. A case not solved during the initial investigation was found to have sufficient solvability factors.
16. Sometimes, crimes go unreported to the police because ______.
a. the crime committed was a property crime
b. law enforcement believes there is not enough evidence to convict
c. the victim does not want to get the offender in trouble
d. the charges are dropped or dismissed
c. the victim does not want to get the offender in trouble
21. The three components of the criminal justice system are police, ______, and corrections.
a. courts
b. investigations
c. deterrence
a. courts
2. An investigator following a string of burglaries in an area hopes to catch the perpetrator by posing as an illegal business buying and selling the stolen property. Which type of operation is the investigator planning to set up?
a. sting
b. fencing
c. decoy
d. stakeout
b. fencing
7. Because how they are committed, burglaries usually leave no significant evidence. This is an example of which common reason why many crimes go unsolved?
a. the nature and structure of the crimes themselves
b. the limited time and money with which police operate
c. the fact that police must follow laws when collecting evidence
d. the primarily reactive way in which police respond to crimes
a. the nature and structure of the crimes themselves
12. Investigators should receive training in which skills in order to facilitate victim and witness interviewing?
a. forensic procedures
b. oral communication
c. legal updates
d. courtroom testimony
b. oral communication
17. Stings, decoys, and undercover fencing operations are types of ______ investigations.
a. undercover
b. reactive
c. surveillance
d. stakeout
a. undercover
22. The ultimate goal of the criminal investigation process is to ______ through deterrence or incapacitation.
a. reduce crime
b. solve a crime
c. convict a perpetrator
d. satisfy the victim
a. reduce crime
3. An investigator who believes that all information surrounding a crime is created by the perpetrator and that the job of the police is to defeat the perpetrator in their attempts to conceal this information conceives of criminal investigations as a ______.
a. battle
b. puzzle
c. game
d. maze
a. battle
8. In a reactive investigation, case screening occurs after the initial investigation and before ______. When does case screening occur in a reactive investigation?
a. the crime is discovered
b. the case is closed
c. the follow-up investigation
d. the case goes to trial
c. the follow-up investigation
13. Investigators who demonstrate an immovable mindset should be reminded to ______.
a. be open to interpreting theories differently from the rest of the group
b. avoid getting personally invested in a theory about the crime
c. ensure that victim satisfaction is achieved through open communication
d. be aware that an immovable mindset can worsen the effects of other mental mistakes
13. Investigators who demonstrate an immovable mindset should be reminded to ______.
a. be open to interpreting theories differently from the rest of the group
b. avoid getting personally invested in a theory about the crime
c. ensure that victim satisfaction is achieved through open communication
d. be aware that an immovable mindset can worsen the effects of other mental mistakes
18. The components of a criminal investigation include ______, crime-related information, and goals.
a. surveillance
b. solvability factors
c. the process of collecting
d. case screening
c. the process of collecting
23. What are solvability factors?
a. any information related to the crime
b. key evidence that increases the likelihood of a case being solved
c. the ultimate end goal of the criminal investigations process
d. the findings that result from forensic testing of evidence
b. key evidence that increases the likelihood of a case being solved
4. An investigator who sees all of the evidence as components of a larger picture that is gradually being assembled conceives of the criminal investigation process as a ______.
a. battle
b. puzzle
c. game
d. maze
b. puzzle
9. In the perspective that views criminal investigations as a battle, the crime is solved because ______.
a. the police overcame the perpetrator’s attempts to conceal the information
b. the perpetrator made a mistake and the police exploited it to “catch” them
c. the investigators correctly put together enough of the pieces to recreate the big picture
d. the law enforcement navigated successfully from the crime scene to the perpetrator
a. the police overcame the perpetrator’s attempts to conceal the information
14. Punishment that is used to prevent an offender from committing additional crimes is known as ______.
a. just deserts
b. incapacitation
c. entrapment
d. surveillance
b. incapacitation
19. The function of the courts in the criminal justice system process is to ______.
a. solve the crimes
b. maintain custody of perpetrators
c. apprehend the criminals
d. adjudicate the accused
d. adjudicate the accused
24. When making the case screening decision, police supervisors consider the evidence available and the ______.
a. seriousness of the crime
b. satisfaction of the victim
c. accused’s prior convictions
d. possibility of entrapment
a. seriousness of the crime
5. An investigator who sees the process of solving the crime as requiring the investigative team to navigate from the crime scene down a winding road to the perpetrator conceives of the criminal investigation process as a ______.
a. battle
b. puzzle
c. game
d. maze
d. maze
10. In which scenario is an officer most directly helping to fulfill the goal of obtaining a conviction in court?
a. An officer collects statements from numerous witnesses that point to a specific suspect.
b. An officer communicates with the victim of the crime throughout the investigation process.
c. An officer presents the results of a scientific analysis of bloodstained clothing during a trial.
d. An officer sets up a surveillance operation that leads to the arrest of the perpetrator.
c. An officer presents the results of a scientific analysis of bloodstained clothing during a trial.
15. Scientific testing of evidence falls under which component of the criminal investigation process?
a. crime-related information
b. process of collecting
c. goals
d. case screening
a. crime-related information
20. The mental mistake in which an investigator pays attention only to information that reinforces what the investigator already believes is known as ______.
a. probability error
b. confirmation bias
c. overconfidence bias
d. groupthink
b. confirmation bias
25. Which activity is most likely to occur during a reactive criminal investigation?
a. A burglary is reported to the police the morning after it happens.
b. A police officer poses as a drug dealer to arrest potential buyers.
c. Law enforcement monitors a warehouse for suspected criminal activity.
d. An officer sets up an opportunity for a crime to be committed.
a. A burglary is reported to the police the morning after it happens.