Scientific Method
This type of science focuses on using scientific knowledge to solve practical, real-world problems (such as using plant biology to improve hydroponic crop yields).
What is applied science?
These are the four major types of biological macromolecules.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
This reagent turns from blue to dark blue/black in the presence of complex carbohydrates like starch.
What is Iodine solution?
Known as the "powerhouse of the cell," this organelle generates chemical energy (ATP) through
What is the mitochondrion (mitochondria)?
Osmosis refers specifically to the diffusion of this molecule across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is water?
Filet Mignon wrapped in bacon contains high levels of these macromolecules. What are the macromolecules and how would you identify them?
Protein/lipids
Biuret
Sudan III and/or Paper Bag
In an experiment, this variable is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
Amino acids are the monomer building blocks for this class of biological macromolecules.
What are proteins?
If a solution contains simple sugars, adding this chemical reagent and heating it will cause a color change to green, yellow, or brick red.
What is Benedict’s solution?
Found inside plant cells, this organelle converts light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
When an animal cell is placed in this type of solution, water enters the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst (lyse).
What is a hypotonic solution?
When a Red Blood Cell is placed in pure distilled water it quickly bursts. However a plant cell in pure distilled water remains intact and healthy. Name the organelle present in plant cells that prevent them from bursting in this environment
Cell wall
In an experiment testing how different types of recycled water affect herb growth, this variable is the factor being measured (e.g., herb growth rate).
What is the dependent variable?
Unlike other macromolecules, this class is non-polar and hydrophobic, serving functions like long-term energy storage and cell membrane composition.
What are lipids (or fats)?
Biuret solution is used to detect the presence of this macromolecule by turning a violet/purple color.
What are proteins?
These two structural organelles are found in plant cells but absent in animal cells.
What are the cell wall and chloroplast (or large central vacuole)?
When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the rigid cell wall in a process known as this.
What is plasmolysis?
This baseline group in an experiment is kept under standard conditions and does not receive the experimental treatment so results can be compared.
What is a control group?
DNA and RNA belong to this macromolecule category, which functions in storing and transmitting genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
This simple test leaves a translucent spot on paper when lipids or fats are present.
What is the Paper Bag test or Sudan III?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside or outside the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A cell placed in this type of solution experiences equal movement of water in and out, resulting in no net change in volume.
What is an isotonic solution?
Also known as environmental triggers that a cell or a variable reacts to.
What are stimuli?
Monosaccharides are the basic building blocks for this group of macromolecules used primarily for quick energy and plant structural support.
What are carbohydrates?
A suspect claims she ate cake with her husband, but her stomach contents tested negative simple sugars. This indicator would have been positive if she was telling the truth.
What are Biuret (for protein) and Benedict’s (for simple sugars)?
Located inside the nucleus, this dark, dense structure is specifically responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits.
What is the nucleolus?
Plant cells thrive and stay firm in hypotonic environments because their rigid cell wall prevents bursting, keeping them in this healthy, rigid state.
What is turgid (or turgor pressure)?