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1. A ______ investigation is typically conducted in crimes like homicide, robbery, and rape.
a. sting
b. fencing
c. reactive
d. decoy
c reactive
10. In which scenario is an officer most directly helping to fulfill the goal of obtaining a conviction in court?
a. An officer collects statements from numerous witnesses that point to a specific suspect.
b. An officer communicates with the victim of the crime throughout the investigation process.
c. An officer presents the results of a scientific analysis of bloodstained clothing during a trial.
d. An officer sets up a surveillance operation that leads to the arrest of the perpetrator
c an officer present the results of a scientific analysis of bloodstained clothing during a trial
17. Stings, decoys, and undercover fencing operations are types of ______ investigations.
a. undercover
b. reactive
c. surveillance
d. stakeout
a. undercover
22. The ultimate goal of the criminal investigation process is to ______ through deterrence or incapacitation.
a. reduce crime
b. solve a crime
c. convict a perpetrator
d. satisfy the victim
a. reduce crime
28. Which is one of the most common activities performed during a criminal investigation?
a. searching for witnesses and victims
b. ensuring victim satisfaction
c. scientific testing of evidence
d. patrolling in the community
a. searching for witnesses and victims
2. An investigator following a string of burglaries in an area hopes to catch the perpetrator by posing as an illegal business buying and selling the stolen property. Which type of operation is the investigator planning to set up?
a. sting
b. fencing
c. decoy
d. stakeout
b. fencing
11. In which would investigators conduct a follow-up investigation?
a. A case not solved during the initial investigation was found to have sufficient solvability factors.
b. A case was solved in the initial investigation, but the public does not believe the outcome.
c. A case was solved in the initial investigation, but the victim was not satisfied with its results.
d. A case was prematurely “cleared on arrest,” but police now think the wrong person was convicted.
a. a case not solved during the initial investigation was found to have sufficient solvability factors.
18. The components of a criminal investigation include ______, crime-related information, and goals.
a. surveillance
b. solvability factors
c. the process of collecting
d. case screening
c. the process of collecting
24. When making the case screening decision, police supervisors consider the evidence available and the ______.
a. seriousness of the crime
b. satisfaction of the victim
c. accused’s prior convictions
d. possibility of entrapment
a. seriousness of the crime
29. Which option best describes a decoy operation?
a. An investigator monitors a specific person and the activities in which they participate.
b. An investigator compels a person to commit a crime that they were not predisposed to commit.
c. An investigator presents an opportunity to attract an offender to commit a crime.
d. An investigator poses as someone willing to participate in an illicit transacti
c. an investigator presents and opportunity to attract an offender to commit a crime
3. An investigator who believes that all information surrounding a crime is created by the perpetrator and that the job of the police is to defeat the perpetrator in their attempts to conceal this information conceives of criminal investigations as a ______.
a. battle
b. puzzle
c. game
d. maze
a. battle
12. Investigators should receive training in which skills in order to facilitate victim and witness interviewing?
a. forensic procedures
b. oral communication
c. legal updates
d. courtroom testimony
b. oral communication
19. The function of the courts in the criminal justice system process is to ______.
a. solve the crimes
b. maintain custody of perpetrators
c. apprehend the criminals
d. adjudicate the accused
d. adjudicate the accused
25. Which activity is most likely to occur during a reactive criminal investigation?
a. A burglary is reported to the police the morning after it happens.
b. A police officer poses as a drug dealer to arrest potential buyers.
c. Law enforcement monitors a warehouse for suspected criminal activity.
d. An officer sets up an opportunity for a crime to be committed.
a. a burglary is reported to the police the morning after it happens
30. Which statement best describes probability error?
a. Investigators refuse to consider a new theory of the crime.
b. Investigators focus only on a narrow range of options.
c. Investigators put too much faith in their own abilities and talents.
d. Investigators misattribute coincidence as actual evidence.
d. investigators misattribute coincidence as actual evidence.
7. Because how they are committed, burglaries usually leave no significant evidence. This is an example of which common reason why many crimes go unsolved?
a. the nature and structure of the crimes themselves
b. the limited time and money with which police operate
c. the fact that police must follow laws when collecting evidence
d. the primarily reactive way in which police respond to crimes
a the nature and structure of the crimes
15. Scientific testing of evidence falls under which component of the criminal investigation process?
a. crime-related information
b. process of collecting
c. goals
d. case screening
a. crime-related information
20. The mental mistake in which an investigator pays attention only to information that reinforces what the investigator already believes is known as ______.
a. probability error
b. confirmation bias
c. overconfidence bias
d. groupthink
b. confirmation bias
26. Which common reason for cases to drop out of the criminal justice system is most relevant to criminal investigations?
a. Some crimes are not reported to the police.
b. Some crimes are not a police matter.
c. Some crimes lack sufficient evidence to convict.
d. Some crimes result in a plea bargain.
a. some crimes are not reported to the police
31. Which statement describes the perspective of criminal investigations as a puzzle?
a. The investigation is a road that begins with the crime and ends with the perpetrator.
b. Police and the perpetrator struggle over information.
c. The perpetrator acts offensively and the police act defensively.
d. All the pieces of evidence need to be put together in order to solve the crime.
d. all the pieces of evidence need to be put together in order to solve the crime
8. In a reactive investigation, case screening occurs after the initial investigation and before ______. When does case screening occur in a reactive investigation?
a. the crime is discovered
b. the case is closed
c. the follow-up investigation
d. the case goes to trial
c. the follow-up investigation
16. Sometimes, crimes go unreported to the police because ______.
a. the crime committed was a property crime
b. law enforcement believes there is not enough evidence to convict
c. the victim does not want to get the offender in trouble
d. the charges are dropped or dismissed
c. the victim does not want to get the offender in trouble
21. The three components of the criminal justice system are police, ______, and corrections.
a. courts
b. investigations
c. deterrence
d. policy
a. courts
27. Which event occurs in the preliminary investigation stage of a reactive investigation?
a. A victim contacts the police and notifies them of a crime.
b. The case is “cleared by arrest” and determined to move into the next stage.
c. A case is screened for the possibility of a follow-up investigation.
d. The investigators arrive at the scene of the crime to collect evidence.
d. the investigators arrive at the scene of the crime to collect evidence
32. Why is the criminal investigations process important to the criminal justice system?
a. If the victim is not satisfied, the criminal justice process is ineffective.
b. If the perpetrator is not arrested, the courts cannot adjudicate.
c. If the case does not pass screening, the initial investigation cannot proceed.
d. If the charges are dropped before trial, the police cannot solve the crime
b. if the perpetrator is not arrested, the courts cannot adjudicate