Chapter 1

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100

(1.1) Why is Chemistry called the "central science"?

Learning chemistry can extend your knowledge into other sciences, such as physics, biology, geology, engineering, medicine, etc.

100

(1.6) Are chemical properties intensive or extensive?

They are intensive properties.

100

(1.5) 

Which picture is heterogenous and which is homogenous?

The first is heterogeneous, and the second is homogeneous.

100

(1.3) Solve:

[ (1.000001 + 2.99999) / 4.3624 ] * (1.0000 * 10^1 + 1) - 9.

Make sure your answer has the correct number of significant figures.

1.

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100

(1.2) Name the seven SI units for 

-length

-mass

-time

-electric current

-temperature

-amount of substance

-luminous intensity

-length (meter)

-mass (kilogram)

-time (second)

-electric current (ampere)

-temperature (kelvin)

-amount of substance (mole)

-luminous intensity (candela)

100

(1.1) Which of these items are submicroscopic? 

-Skin cells

-Atoms

-Molecules

-DNA

-Yeast

-Atoms

-Molecules

100

(1.6) Given the following list of questions, would their answers be a qualitative or quantitative property? 

1. What color is the chemical liquid?

2. How many mL of water is there in this glass? 

3. What degree Fahrenheit does Helium boil at?

4. How much mass is there in this cup of Sulfur?

5. What smell does this chemical give off?

6. Is the object small, medium, or large?

1. Qualitative

2. Quantitative

3. Quantitative

4. Quantitative

5. Qualitative

6. Qualitative.

100

(1.4) Given the caffeine molecule below is identical to every other caffeine molecule, use a conversion factor to determine the answer to the following situations:

1. If I had 8 Carbon atoms, how many Oxygen atoms would I have? 

2. If I had 12 Nitrogen atoms, how much methyl radical would I have?

3. If I had 24 Oxygen atoms, how many Carbon atoms would I have?

4 Oxygen, 9 methyl radical, 48 Carbon atoms

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100

(1.3) Which one of these points represents an exact measurement?

pi^2 = 9.87

1 in = 2.54 cm

1 in = 2.54 cm

100

(1.2) Billy is feeling unwell, so he takes his temperature. The thermometer reads 97.62 degrees Fahrenheit. What is this temperature in Kelvin?

309.61 K

100

(1.5) 

For each substance, is it an element, compound, or mixture. If it is a mixture, is it a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

X-Compound

Y-element

Z-Compound

T-Mixture, heterogenous.

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100

(1.4) A Professor asks their students to convert the area of a room from centimeters to meters. Three students answer with the following units:

Gil - cm^2/m

Eli - m

Kai - m^2

Who is right, and why are the other two wrong?

Kai is right because when we deal with area it is length times length. 

The other two lack this dimensional analysis. Gil ends up with only length after converting his units to the same unit and dividing. Eli also only has length. 

100

(1.3) There are exactly 152.6 grams of salt in a jar. Four students are asked to measure the salt content in the jar three times each. Here are their results. 

Claudine - 142.0 g, 136.2 g, 167.5 g

Percival - 178.3 g, 177.9 g, 178.1 g

Laura - 152.5 g, 180.0 g, 160.4 g

David - 134.8 g, 143.2 g, 101.7 g

Who had the most precise set of measurements? Who had the most accurate measurement?

Percival had the most precise set of measurements. 

Laura had the most accurate measurement.

100

(1.1) Give a scenario showcasing the scientific method, making sure to add in all four parts of the scientific method.

Observation (nonessential) - People who brush their teeth seem to get less cavities. 

Hypothesis - Brushing your teeth prevents cavities. 

Experiment - Client A brushes their teeth every night before bed. Client B does not. They will both eat glazed donuts for a month, and we’ll see who gets the cavities. 

Theory - Client A did not get a cavity, while Client B did. Thus, cleaning your teeth regularly prevents cavities.

Law - Brushing your teeth daily prevents bacteria buildup on your teeth, thus reducing the chance of getting a cavity.

100

(1.6) Name the qualitative, quantitative, intensive, extensive properties of this experiment as well as whether the result was a chemical or physical change:

A student had a blue and a red liquid in their cabinet. Unsure of either of their identities, the student first measures the liquids’ mass and freezing point, but is still unsure. So, the student decides to mix the two liquids. When combined the liquids start boiling, let out a puff of smoke, and turn into a purple mixture. 

Qualitative - blue, red, and purple liquids

Quantitative - freezing point and mass

Extensive - mass 

Intensive - freezing point

This is a chemical change. 

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100

(1.5) Draw a picture of the three states of matter.

Solid should be something blocky with form.

Liquid should be something fluid, but also with a bit of form.

Gas should be all over the place, definitely fluid.

100

(1.4) If I have 2300.0 picograms of water, how much would I have in milliliters? (Use correct number of significant figures)

2300.0 picograms x (1g/10^12 picograms) x (1mL/1g) = 2.3000*10^-9 mL

100

(1.2) Explain what each of the three temperature systems is based on.

Fahrenheit - based on a mixture of ice, water, and ammonium chloride. Known as the "human" scale. 

Celsius - based on water at sea level. Known as the "water" scale.

Kelvin - created to be the lowest temperature possible. Known as the "absolute" scale.