Intro to A&P
what is the difference between Anatomy & Physiology and how do they relate to each other?
Anatomy is the study of structure; physiology is the study of function. Structure supports function
What is the primary mechanism used by the body to maintain homeostasis? give an example
Temperature maintenance
what defines an atom? does atomic number always have to be the same?
number of protons; yes
What type of bond forms cations and anions? What are those?
Ionic bonds; cations form when atoms give away an electron, anions form when an atom receives and electron
what is an enzyme? What does it lower the amount of?
List the levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex
Chemical -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism
what plane of the body divides the body into right and left halves? front and back? top and bottom?
Sagittal, coronal, transverse
what are isotopes?
They are the same element, with a different atomic mass, different neutron number
what is the difference between polar covalent bond and non polar covalent bonds?
what are the inorganic compounds we discussed?
water, salts, acids and bases
name the 11 organ systems in the human body
integumentary, skeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, muscular, lymphatic, nervous, digestive, urinary
the dorsal cavity is divided into what two other cavities? what about the ventral cavity?
cranial cavity; spinal cavity
Thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
what determines reactivity and bonding?
valence shell
what type of bond has to form before a hydrogen bond can form? What are hydrogen bonds important for in the human body and why?
A polar covalent bond. DNA- so the strands can break apart for DNA replication, and transcription
what does pH measure?
the concentration of hydrogen ions
what is metabolism and what are the two different types of metabolism?
Metabolism is all chemical reactions within the body. Anabolism: build molecules from simpler ones (energy consumption)
Catabolism: break down molecules into smaller molecules (energy release)
what is the difference between the parietal and visceral layer?
parietal lines the walls of the cavity; visceral covers the organs themselves
what is the difference between molecules and compounds? give an example of each
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. O2-molecule; H2O- molecule & compound
what are the types of energy we talked about in class, and explain
kinetic energy- energy in motion
potential energy- energy stored in the bonds of molecules
activation - minimum amount of kinetic energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur
what are the 4 types of organic molecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is homeostasis? set point? normal range?
Homeostasis: internal balance
set point: ideal value the body tries to maintain
normal range: acceptable fluctuation range around set point
what type of medical imaging technology is best to detect cancers?
PET scans
what determines what type of bond will form between atoms?
electronegativity difference
what are the type of chemical reactions we talked about in class and describe each
synthesis - building a more complex molecule from simpler ones
decomposition- breaking down a complex molecule into smaller ones
exchange- parts of molecules switch places
reversible- can go in both directions (depending on need)
what are the levels of structure for a protein and why is its structure so important?
Primary (polypeptide chain), secondary (folding), tertiary (overall 3D shape), quaternary (multiple proteins forming a complex). structure determines function - structure loss=function loss