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Famous Psychologists
Psychological Schools of Thought
Research Methods I
Research Methods II
Research Methods III
100
He campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline, and established the first laboratory for the study of psychology in 1879.
Who is Wilhem Wunt?
100
This perspective, which Tichener and Wunt are known for, analyzes the consciousness in basic elements. This perspective is studied through introspection, the careful, systematic observations of one’s own conscious experience.
What is the structuralism?
100
A tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables is a ___________. A _________is less specific, and is a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations, which must be testable.
What is a 1.) hypothesis, and 2.) theory
100
In experimental design, subjects in this group receive some special treatment regarding the IV.
Experimental group.
100
Any variables other than the IV that seem likely to influence the DV. These are undesireable variables that influence the relationshipo between the variables that an experimenter is experimenting.
What are extraneous variables?
200
This Psychologist focused on our unconscious drives that dictate our behavior.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
200
William James pioneered this perspective, because he wanted to investigate the function of consciousness. James believed that contents of your consciousness are constantly changing, in a stream of consciousness.
What is functionalism?
200
This descriptive research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject.
What is a case study?
200
In experimental design, this group does not receive special treatment. It helps to isolate the effect of the IV on the DV.
What is the control group?
200
A type of extraneous variable. When two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort our their causal roles (ie: depression and alcoholism, or murder and icecream). These variables vary with the levels of the IV.
What are confounded variables?
300
One of the first humanists, who emphasized the unique qualities of humans and the freedom and potential for personal growth. (Multiple answers acceptable).
Who is Abraham Maslow, or Carl Rogers?
300
This school of thought was pioneered by Sigmund Freud, and focused on identifying how feelings and behavior were influenced by unconscious needs, wishes, and conflicts.
What is the psychoanalytic school of thought?
300
This correlational method uses questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of participants. This method is relatively inexpensive and easy.
What are surveys?
300
Placing subjects in experimental groups such that each group has an equal probability of ending up in any experimental group is known as _____.
What is random assignment.
300
In experimental design, this is the variable manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
400
This Psychologist said the following: "Give me a dozen healthy infants well-formed…and guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select. Dr. Lawyer, beggar, thief” Hint: He also is responsible for the "Little Albert" experiment.
Who is John B. Watson?
400
Founded by John Watson, this school of thought looks at psychology as the science of observable behavior. It abandons the study of consciousness in favor of overt, observable responses or activities.
What is behaviorism?
400
This is a problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn, and thus makes generalizations about the populations are inaccurate
What is the sampling bias?
400
In this method,the researcher engages in careful observation of behaviors without intervening directly with subjects.
What is naturalistic observation?
400
This is the variable affected by the manipulation, and is what the researcher is interested in collecting and examining.
What is the dependent variable?
500
This man established the first psychology laboratory in US in 1883, and published the first Psychology journal.
Who is G. Stanley Hall?
500
This man, a behaviorist, posited that responses that lead to positive outcomes are repeated, and responses that lead to negative outcomes are not repeated. He often used pigeons and rats in a laboratory setting to study this.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
500
When subjects have a perceived or actual improvement in condition, even when just given, say, a sugar pill.
What is the placebo effect?
500
The phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study
What is the experimenter bias?
500
In this design, subjects serve as their own control group. Each subject is exposed to multiple conditions, and reduces the likelihood of extraneous variables.
What is within-subject design?