Computer Basics & CPU
What is a computer?
A computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information.
What is an input device?
Input devices enter data and programs into the computer system.
What is an output device?Name any two devices
Output devices produce results in the form of output.
Answer: (Any two)
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Plotter
What is a software?
Software is a set of programs that makes hardware perform tasks in a particular order.
What is a computer language, and what are the types?
A computer language is a language used to communicate instructions to a computer.
Answer:
Machine language
Assembly language
High-level language
Name any two basic functions performed by a computer.
Answer: (Any two)
Accepting data
Storing data
Processing data
Name any two input devices used to enter data into a computer.
Answer: (Any two)
Keyboard
Mouse
Light Pen
Optical Scanner
Touch Screen
Microphone
Trackball
Other name of a monitor?
And explain the monitor.
Monitor (Visual Display Unit)
It is the most important output device because people interact with it the most.
Computer information is displayed with a video adapter card and a monitor.
Type of softwares?
Answer:
System Software
Application Software
Give the two types of Languages with example
Machine language
This language (in the form of 0’s and 1’s, called binary numbers) is understood directly by the computer
It is difficult to learn and even more difficult to write programs.
Q) Define : Assembly Language
This language is simpler and less time consuming than machine language
Programmers must have knowledge of the machine on which the program will run.
High Level Language
High level language uses normal English
It is computer independent
Programming is quite easy and simple
Expand CU. What is the role of CU?
CU-Control Unit.
It controls all operations and decides when to start or stop processing.
keyboard vs Mouse
Keyboard.
Data is entered by typing using a keyboard
QWERTY is the most common keyboard
Mouse.
It is used as a pointer,handheld device
It can select menu, start programs and choose options
Define Printer
And give types of monitor.
Printer:
After a document is created on the computer, it can be sent to a
printer for a hard copy (printout). Some of the most commonly used printers are:
Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer
Dot Matrix Printer
Line Printer
What is system software? And types
System software manages hardware, controls computer operations, and supports application software.
Types- OS and Utilities
Define compiler and assembler
A compiler translates programs written in high-level language into machine language.
An assembler translates programs written in assembly language into machine language.
What is CPU?
Define CPU
CPU= Combination of which two Units?
Central Processing Unit - It is responsible for processing all inputs to produce output.
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU) together form the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
what is an optical scanner? Two Examples.
Optical Scanner.
It is used for automatic data collection
Scanner transfers printed images into an electronic format that can be stored in a computer’s memory
Examples
Bar code reader is a special type of image scanner
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) - used by banks to convert scanned image of a printed page into text that can be edited on the computer.
CRT vs LCD
2 types of monitors used:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
Typical monitor that you see on a desktop computer
Looks like a TV screen and works the same way
Uses large vacuum tube called Cathode Ray Tube
LCD (Liquid Crystal Displays)
Also known as flat panel monitor
Mostly used to generate images
Nowadays, LCD monitors are very popular
Types of software?
Explain the types with example
SS and AS
System software runs the computer and manages resources, for example Windows.
Application software performs specific tasks, for example Library Information System.
Explain High level language with example
High Level Language
High level language uses normal English
It is computer independent
Programming is quite easy and simple
The high level languages are:
BASIC (Beginner All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
FORTRAN (Formula Translation)
C
C++
Explain the block diagram of computer.
Input device enter data and programs into the computer system.
: Control unit.
Process of input, output, processing and storage is done by the ‘Control Unit.’
: Memory unit.
It is used to store data and instructions.
Arithmetic Logic unit.
It performs major mathematical operations
Output Devices.
Output devices produce results in the form of output.
Explain
Trackball
Lightpen
Touchscreen
Track Ball
It is a pointing device, like a mouse lying on its back
To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers or palm of your hand
Touch Screen
Input can be given on the computer screen, that takes the input through the monitor
Light Pen
You can move the pointer and select objects on the screen by pointing to the objects with the pen
Explain four types of monitor.
Laser Printer
It is expensive, fast and quiet.
Paper is automatically loaded.
Ink Jet Printer
Like laser printer, it is quiet but not fast.
More expensive than dot matrix, but half the price of a laser printer.
Dot Matrix Printer
Speed is measured in Characters Per Second (CPS)
Cheaper, slower, louder and produces lower print quality.
Line Printer
High speed printer
Very expensive
Generally used with large computer systems.
Generalized packages are user-friendly software like MS Word and MS Excel used by many users.
Customized packages are developed to meet specific organizational needs like student information systems.
Difference between compiler and Assembler?
Compiler
Assembler
1) The software that reads a program written in high level language and translates it in machine language is called a Compiler.
1) The software that reads a program written in assembly language and translates it in machine language is called an Assembler.
2) The source program is written in high level language.
2) The source program is written in assembly language.