Chemistry as a physical science
What is chemistry
The study of the composition, the structure, and the properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
What is mass? Be precise.
The amount of matter that makes up a substance.
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
What is a mixture?
blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its own identity and properties.
What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?
Organic chemistry
What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?
Extensive Properties = depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Intensive Properties = Do not depend on the amount of matter
What is the key characteristic that determines the specific element of an atom?
What is the difference between a Homogeneous and Heterogenous mixture?
Homogeneous Mixture = mixture that is uniform in composition
Heterogenous Mixture = mixture that is NOT uniform throughout
What is meant by the word chemical, as used by scientists?
A substance that has a definite composition.
What is the difference between physical and chemical properties? Give an example of each.
Physical Property = Characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Chemical Property = A substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.
List one unique characteristic of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
METALS
Mostly on the left and center
Usually shiny, ductile, malleable
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Usually solid at room temperature
NONMETALS
Mostly on the right side
Poor conductors
Can be solids, liquids, or gases
Brittle
METALLOIDS
Found along the stair-step line
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
List the 4 ways mixtures can be separated that we discussed in class.
Magnetic attraction
Filtration
Distillation
Evaporation
Define all the following:
Sublimation, Deposition, Freezing, Melting, Vaporization, Condensation, Ionization, and Recombination.
Sublimation = Solid to gas.
Deposition = gas to solid
Freezing = liquid to solid
Melting = solid to liquid
Vaporization = liquid to gas
Condensation = gas to liquid
Ionization = The losing or gaining of an electron.
Recombination = plasma to gas
Give the name for vertical columns and horizontal rows. Explain how elements in each are related.
Periods
Horizontal rows
There are 7 periods
Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells (energy levels).
Groups
Vertical columns
There are 18 groups
Similar chemical properties
Similar reactivity
Similar numbers of valence electrons
State the law of conservation of mass. You must get it exactly word for word to receive points.
The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass in a closed system stays the same during a chemical reaction or physical change.