Jerry-Bear
The earth's lithosphere, upper mantle and crust, is made up of pieces called?
Plates
What is the beginning point of an earthquake?
Focus
What is the strength of an earthquake called?
Magnitude
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Lava is magma when it has reached the earth's surface.
What are the three kinds of volcanoes by shape?
Shield, cinder cone, and composite cinder cone
What is the Theory of Tectonic Plates?
That the earth's crust is made up of moving plates.
The point on the surface of the earth directly above the beginning of an earthquake is called a what?
The epicenter
What do engineers and architects use to reinforce buildings in areas prone to earthquakes?
Steel
What is a flank eruption?
An eruption that flows through the side vents.
What is the difference between a cinder cone and a composite cinder cone volcano?
Composite cinder cones are large and more symmetrical compared to the cinder cones.
Some scientists believe that the earth at one point had a singular landmass called what?
Pangaea
Which type of body wave moves quickly through solid and liquid material in the earth?
P waves or Primary Waves
Tsunamis are caused by what natural events?
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.
What determines the explosiveness of a volcano?
The minerals and gasses found inside the volcano.
What is the difference between a dormant and extinct volcano?
Dormant volcanoes have erupted before but may not again, while extinct volcanoes have no recorded eruption and may not erupt in the future.
What is the general cause of an earthquake?
The movement of tectonic plates builds up energy and at a certain point, that energy is released in the form of extreme vibrations.
What kind of waves are the slowest but the most destructive?
Surface waves
Seismographs are used to do what?
Detect, measure, and time the movements of the earth.
What are hot spots?
Pools of intensely hot magma that rises to the surface, supposedly creating underwater volcanoes.
What type of thermal eruption periodically blows hot water and steam into the air?
Geyser
What are the kinds of faults and how are they different?
Thrust fault: rocks push together and force rock upward.
Normal fault: rocks pull apart and fall in bet6ween.
Strike-slip fault: rocks move horizontally.
What scale measures the amount of damage done to manmade buildings by earthquakes?
Mercalli Scale
Two thirds of active volcanoes are found where?
In the Ring of Fire
What kind of eruption is the most frequent on earth?
Underwater or submarine eruptions.
What is the weakest and strongest type of volcanic eruption?
Hawaiian and Plinian