Epidemics, Endemic, and Pandemics
COVID-19 is an epidemic affecting and attacking a population of an extensive regions, country, or continent.
What is a pandemic?
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a Case?
Contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is a carrier?
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens. Health promotion, health education, and health protection are three main facets of primary prevention.
What is Primary Prevention?
Direct transmission and Indirect transmission.
What are the two modes of disease transmission?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal.
What is an Epidemic?
The first disease case in the population
What is the Primary Case?
What is the Bubonic Plague ?
Is any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle.
What is Rehabilitation?
Is the direct and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
What is Direct transmission?
Ebola Epidemic in West Africa
What was the 2014 epidemic that gained world recognition?
A standard set of criteria that ensures that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case
What is a case definition?
A nonliving intermediary such as a fomite, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is a vehicle?
Behavior change on the part of the individual (e.g., begin exercising, stop smoking, reduce dietary fat intake).
What is Active Primary Prevention?
When an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease.
What is Indirect transmission ?
Two primary types of infectious disease epidemics are common source and propagated epidemics.
What is Common-source Epidemic and propagated epidemic?
Is an individual (or a group of individuals) who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition yet has not been diagnosed as having the disease, or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen
What is a Suspect Case?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals (e.g., rabies virus, bacillus anthracis, Ebola virus, influenza virus) that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector.
What is Zoonosis?
Lifestyle changes, community health education, school health education, good prenatal care, good behavioral choices, proper nutrition, and safe and healthy conditions at home, school, and the workplace
What are examples of primary prevention?
This occurs when a pathogen such as cholera or shigellosis is carried in drinking water, swimming pools, streams, or lakes used for swimming.
What is Vehicle-borne transmission?
Syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
What are examples of direct transmission?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist
What is the Index case?
Active carrier, Convalescent carrier, Healthy carrier, Incubatory carrier, and Intermittent carrier
What are the five types of carriers that have been identified by the public health and medical fields?
Cancer and Heart Diseases
What was the leading cases of death in the 2010's?
When the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host/vector and before being transmitted to the new host.
What is Biological Transmission?