key terms
What is a misdemeanor?
A less serious crime, usually punishable by a fine or less than a year in jail.
What does it mean to be arrested?
When a person is taken into custody by law enforcement.
What is a defendant?
The person accused of a crime.
What is probation
A sentence allowing offenders to remain in the community under supervision.
What is the crime control model
A model that stresses quick, efficient justice and tough punishment to control crime.
What is a felony?
A serious crime, often punishable by more than one year in prison.
What happens during booking?
Recording of an arrest, including fingerprints, photos, and charges.
What is an arraignment?
A court hearing where the defendant is formally charged and enters a plea.
What is parole
Early release form prison with conditions and supervision
What is the due presses model
A model that emphasizes protecting individual rights and fair procedures.
What does probable cause mean?
Reasonable grounds to believe a crime has been committed.
What is an initial appearance?
The defendant’s first court appearance, where charges are read and bail may be set.
What is a plea bargain?
An agreement where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge to avoid trial.
Why is criminal justice sometimes considered society’s defense?
Because it protects people from crime and maintains public order.
What is jurisdiction?
The legal authority of a court or agency to hear a case.
What is the purpose of bail?
Money or conditions set to ensure a defendant returns for trial.
What is a preliminary hearing?
A court proceeding to decide if there is enough evidence for trial.
What is a bench trial?
A trial decided by a judge instead of a jury.
What is an institution of social control
An organization (like schools, family, or the criminal justice system) that regulates behavior to keep order.
What are the three agencies that make up the criminal justice system?
Law enforcement, courts, and corrections.
What does the statute of limitations do?
Sets a time limit on how long after a crime charges can be filed.
What does a grand jury decide?
Whether there is enough evidence to issue an indictment (formal charge).
What is an information in court proceedings?
A formal written accusation filed by a prosecutor without a grand jury.
What is the difference between misdemeanor and felony?
Misdemeanor = less serious crime; Felony = more serious crime with harsher punishment.
What are legal myths?
Common but false beliefs about the law or criminal justice system.