Vocabulary
What are hieroglyphics?
A type of ancient writing that used pictures instead of words.
Peoples of the Pacific NW relied on the _______ and _________ for almost everything.
forest, ocean
In what ways did climate of the Southwest influence the way American Indians lived there?
They used materials like clay and stone to build their houses and they had to irrigate their crops.
Why was growing crops so difficult on the Great Plains?
Not enough water and the soil was poor.
In order to be able to plant crops, the NE peoples had to practice____________.
Why was this effective?
Slash-and-burn, the ashes made the soil more fertile
What was Beringia?
It was a land bridge that connected Asia to North America.
Why were totem poles important?
They were created to celebrate special events or honor an important person.
Name the main crops the Pueblo peoples were able to grow using irrigation.
corn, squash, beans, and cotton
Instead of farming, the Plains peoples primarily survived by hunting___________.
Bison
Name two types of homes built by woodland peoples.
Longhouse, wigwam
What is a mesa?
A flat-topped hill with steep sides.
The Pacific NW Indians believed that all living things had ______ that should be_______.
rights, respected
Hopi religion included the belief in Kachinas. Why were Kachinas important?
Kachinas were spirits that brought rain to the people during the growing season.
Why were some Plains Indians able to live in permanent homes, or lodges?
They lived near rivers and were able to farm.
Give two reasons why life in the northern woodland region was different than life in the southern woodland region.
The northern woodlands were denser (thinner forests in the south).
Souther climate was milder (longer growing season) but much colder in the north (short growing season).
Define oral history.
Spoken records and stories passed down from generation to generation.
Besides hunting deer and fishing for salmon, the staple food of the Pacific NW peoples was the ______
acorn
What were the homes of the Navajo called and what were they made of?
Hogans - dome shaped houses made of logs or stone covered with mud and dirt
What did the nomadic hunter-gatherers on the Great Plains live in, and what were they made of?
A teepee - cones shaped tents made by stretching buffalo hides over tall wooden poles.
Women were the leaders of________, which were groups of families who shared common____________.
clans, ancestors
What is a potlatch?
A special ceremony given by NW Indians where the guests receive gifts from the host.
How did the Pacific NW peoples traditionally treat the forests that they lived in?
They only cut down as many trees as they needed so forests would not be destroyed.
How did the Pueblo people get their name?
Their stone and adobe homes were called "pueblo" in Spanish.
What were some roles of the men?
What were some roles of the women?
Hunting, fighting battles, teaching boys, keeping history
Educating girls, cooking, farming, setting up and taking down teepees
Confederacies were formed in the north (Iroquois) and the south (Creek). For what reasons?
Protection from enemies, provide representation to all tribes