New v Old
What percentage of crops cultivated around the globe today, originated in the Americas?
60% (3/5ths)
Estimated number of people living in the two Americas in 1492 when Europeans arrived in the Americas
54 million
The book discussed one of the reasons that European colonizers were able to easily subdue native North Americans...what is that reason? (Disease is #1, what is #2)
No complex nation-states in North America like the Aztec, Mayan or Inca empires.
What do some scholars believe led to the growth of the economic system known as capitalism?
Ballooning money supply created by the silver and gold discovered in the Americas, especially South America.
What event is most responsible for contributing to the geological history of North America as well as the eventual origins of the continent's human history?
The Great Ice Age
Explosion of international commerce allowing for the trade of raw materials from the New World, labor from Africa and technology, markets and capital from Europe.
Columbian Exchange
This environmentally clever farming technique produced some of the highest population densities on the American continent, especially among the Creek, Choctaw and Cherokee peoples.
Three-sister farming (beans, corn, and squash)
Which European people found the origins to the modern plantation system, based on large-scale commercial agriculture and the wholesale exploitation of slave labor?
Portugese
Distinctive culture of people of mixed Native American and European heritage.
mestizos
Canadian Shield
This had the largest impact on the population of the new world
Disease
This native group developed the strongest political organization in order to create military alliances that menaced Native Americans and Europeans alike.
The Iroquois Confederacy
This agreement divided the "heathen lands" of the New World between Portugal and Spain. Spain received most of the the new territory, while Portugal was compensated with land in Africa, Asia, and Brazil.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Spanish erected a fortress in this location, in 1565, and is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the future United States.
St. Augustine, FL
This Iroquois legendary leader helped create the closest North American approximation to the great empires of Mexico and Peru.
Hiawatha
This crop caused a "revolution" within the European diet after it thrived in the warm Caribbean climate
Sugar
This allowed the earliest Americans to go from a nomadic life to agricultural villages, though the growth was slow.
Maize Cultivation
Which explorer is believed to have said, "We Spanish suffer from a strange disease of the heart, for which the only known remedy is gold"?
Hernan Cortes
Pope's Rebellion in 1680 took place in which territory and between which group of people?
New Mexico
Pueblo vs. Spanish settlers and Catholic missionaries
This group of Europeans figured out a way to sail into the wind, making it possible to sail around the continent of Africa.
Portuguese
These three Native American tribes swiftly adapted their nomadic lifestyle to incorporate the horse, which allowed for highly mobile, wide-ranging, hunter-warrior societies.
Comanche, Apache and Navajo
Power and possessions passed down the female side of the family line (Iroquois is one example)
matrilineal cultures
This allowed the government to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try and Christianize them. It was slavery in all but name.
Encomienda system
In 1599 the Spanish defeated the Pueblo people and severed one foot of each surviving natives. The Spanish proclaimed the area to be the province of New Mexico.
Battle of Acoma
Goree Island Slave Fortress off the coast of Senegal