Plate Tectonics
There are two types of tectonic plates, these are:
a. Water Plate and Land Plate
b. Sea Plate and Earth Plate
c. Lithosphere and Asthenosphere
d. Oceanic Plate and Continental Plate
d. Oceanic Plate and Continental Plate
How do tectonic plates move?
a. Wind Energy
b. Ocean Currents
c. Convection Currents
d. Sound Waves (Seismic Waves)
c. Convection Currents
The theory of plate tectonics is the upper zone of the Earth's mantle and crust.
FALSE.
The theory of plate tectonics is defined as: the Earth’s surface is made up of huge, floating rock plates that move very slowly over geologic time, changing the positions of continents and oceans
What is the difference between magma and lava?
a. Lava flows underneath Earth's crust, magma flows on the surface of Earth.
b. Magma flows underneath the Earth's crust, and lava flows on the surface of the Earth.
c. No difference, they're the same.
b. Magma flows underneath the Earth's crust, and lava flows on the surface of the Earth.
The primary source of diamonds in the NWT is a result of:
a. Volcanic intrusion
b. Earthquake
c. Tsunami
a. Volcanic intrusion
What two concepts support the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
Continental Drift and Sea-Floor Spreading
What is Sea-Floor spreading and at what plate boundary do you expect sea-floor spreading to occur?
Sea Floor Spreading is when two oceanic plates pull apart, moving old rock away and creating new rock. Expected at divergent plate boundaries.
Pangaea supports the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
TRUE
Pangaea is the supercontinent that supports that all continents were once joined together.
There are 3 different types of magma because:
a. Each volcano is unique and some magma is mixed with water
b. Concentration of liquid aluminum (Al) that changes the viscosity of each type
c. Concentration of silica (SiO2) that changes the viscosity of each type
d. The three types of magma are oceanic, continental, and aerial.
c. Concentration of silica (SiO2) that changes the viscosity of each type
Name 1 reason in which traditional knowledge may help scientists.
Answers may vary.
1. You can refer back to art and stories that had to do with Earthquakes, read in the Oral Accounts (p. 38).
2. You can refer to knowledge of hot springs and medicinal benefits of the vegetation that grows near hot springs (pp. 42-43).
3. You can refer to the video we watched about "The Turtle Story" from Indigenous peoples of California. The turtle represented tectonic plates that move very slowly, as they carry loads of soil on their backs.
The Theory of Plate Tectonics is:
a. A theory that the continents were once joined together.
b. A theory that bacteria once ruled the world.
c. A theory that mountains form when two plates collide.
d. A theory that states that magma flows under the Earth's crust.
a. A theory that the continents were once joined together.
Describe how mountain ranges form. You may use a diagram to support your answer.
The world's tallest mountain ranges form when pieces of Earth's crust—called plates—smash against each other. This type of plate movement is referred to as convergent movement and occur at convergent plate boundaries.
The shape of the Earth is going to keep changing, as plates are constantly moving.
TRUE
The three types of volcanoes are:
a. Cinder-Cone, Oceanic, and Shield
b. Cinder-Cone, Continental, and Composite
c. Cinder-Cone, Tectonic, and Oceanic
d. Cinder-Cone, Composite, and Shield
d. Cinder-Cone, Composite, and Shield
1. The gas that is mixing with the volcano
2. How viscous the magma is (measured by % silica)
In class, we talked about difference evidence of continental drift. Discuss one and explain how it supports the theory of continental drift.
Answers may vary.
Tiktaalik is a good example. Tiktaalik is an extinct creature that its fossils were found in Nunavut. Although, as the fossils suggest, it was a creature that lived and thrived in hot, humid weather (much like an alligator). Comparing it to Nunavut's environment, which is cold and dry, we can deduct that over many years, the continents drifted, and the fossils made their way to where Nunavut is now.Plate movement may lead to some natural disasters. Name 1 of them, explain how they occur.
Answers may include:
Tsunamis, earthquakes.
Tsunamis are large ocean wave produced by displacement (forceful movement) of large volumes of water during an earthquake, landslide, or undersea volcanic eruption.
Earthquakes occur from a shockwave of energy resulting from the sudden movement of sections of the Earth’s crust.
The ring of fire is a result of shifting plate tectonics and subduction zones.
TRUE
Think about what subduction zones are - look at one of the diagrams shown in class (or give it a quick Google).
Describe the three states volcanoes are in and what each means:
Active
Dormant
Extinct/Inactive
Active: This means that the volcano had erupted in recorded geologic time, and is still erupting/may erupt to this day.
Dormant: This means that the volcano is currently "sleeping". It used to be active, and it may erupt again in the future.
Extinct/Inactive: This means that the volcano used to erupt, and is now completely inactive. There is no Hot Spot underneath the volcano.
Choose two types of volcanoes and compare them with at least two differentiating characteristics.
(could be shape, slope, type of magma, viscosity of magma, size, and vent opening).
Answers may vary.
Describe, using a diagram, how convection currents work.
On whiteboard.
Describe what the 3 plate boundaries are.
Convergent: the area where 2 tectonic plates are colliding.
Divergent: The area where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other, resulting in new crust.
Transform: The area where two plates slide past each other.
Low viscosity magma will have a high concentration of silica. It'll be called Felsic magma.
FALSE
Low viscosity magma has a lower concentration of silica and is called mafic magma.
Felsic magma has a higher concentration of silica and thus, a higher viscosity.
Describe how volcanoes erupt and what the eruption type depends on.
As the magma moves upward, the pressure around the magma decreases. The gasses dissolve into vapour and begin to form bubbles.
--> If it is easy for the bubbles to escape the magma, then the eruption tends to be a quiet flow of lava. This happens in low viscosity.
--> If the bubbles can not get out easy, they build pressure before bursting out. This results in a much more violent eruption. Often this would occur in the more viscous magma.
Explain, using a diagram and a short explanation, what a subduction zone is.
A subduction zone occurs when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. The denser, oceanic plate goes under the less dense continental plate, and is submerged in magma. The plate is then melted and recycled. This causes a change in pressure, and results in volcanic activity.