Early Human Societies
What agricultural development marked the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution?
The domestication of plants and animals.
Which major philosophy emphasized the relationship between humans and the natural world?
Daoism
Which major river was crucial to the development of Egyptian civilization?
The Nile River.
What helps to determine an individual's future circumstances in the cycle of rebirth in both Hinduism and Buddhism?
karma
What is the primary religious text of Islam?
The Quran.
What was a key characteristic of Paleolithic SOCIAL organization?
Egalitarian - little social hierarchy
Which religion introduced the concept of "Nirvana" as the ultimate goal?
Buddhism.
Which early civilization is associated with the construction of large pyramids and monumental structures?
Ancient Egypt.
What concept in Hinduism refers to the belief in the soul’s journey through successive lives?
Reincarnation or Samsara (bonus points!)
What is the name for the key aspects of Islam that all Muslims are required to follow?
The Five Pillars of Islam.
How did the spread of agriculture impact social structures?
It led to the rise of more complex societies with hierarchies.
Which two belief systems emphasized the importance of social roles and duties to each other in their societal structure?
Confucianism and Hinduism
Which ancient civilization is known for its early use of cuneiform writing?
Mesopotamia (or Sumer).
What philosophy stressed the importance of filial piety, social harmony, and respect for authority in ancient China?
Confucianism
What was one reason for the rapid spread of Islam during the early caliphates?
The use of trade routes and military conquests.
What significant lifestyle change happened as humans shifted from foraging to settled agriculture?
No longer a nomadic lifestyle as they established of permanent settlements.
Which belief system proposed that divine rulers’ legitimacy came from heaven’s approval?
Confucianism in China with its Mandate of Heaven concept.
What was one key feature of the first URBAN civilizations?
The development of centralized governments.
What is the specific Buddhist practice/action that can help a person reach enlightenment?
Mindfulness or meditation.
What distinguishes Sunni from Shia Islam?
The disagreement over the rightful successor to Muhammad as leader of the Muslim community.
What environmental consequence is most closely associated with early agricultural practices?
Soil erosion and depletion due to over-farming.
How did early religious traditions reflect or perpetuate social hierarchies?
They often justified the authority of elites and the division of labor by associating spiritual roles with higher status.
What was one factor that contributed to the collapse of early civilizations like Mesopotamia?
Environmental degradation or invasions from neighboring peoples.
What sect of Buddhism viewed Buddha as a divinity and emphasized more supernatural elements to achieve enlightenment.
Mahayana Buddhism (differs from Theravada Buddhism)
Which event marks the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina?
The Hijra.