Early U.S. Prisons
This federal incarceration agency was established in 1930.
In this late 19th- and early 20th-century system, companies and individuals could purchase the labor of prison inmates from state and county governments.
What is the convict-lease system?
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, executions in the U.S. were highest during this decade.
What are 1930s?
This extremely secure type of prison strictly limits inmate contact with other inmates, correctional staff, and the outside world.
What is supermax?
The probation officer prepares this report to assist a judge in sentencing.
What is the pre-sentence investigation?
Form of penal control in 1800s which inmates were kept from seeing or talking to one another.
What is the separate-and-silent system?
The 1931 report from this commission helped to institute the era of rehabilitation.
What is the Wickersham Commission?
This philosophy states that a person who commits a heinous offense deserves death.
What are just desserts?
This is one of the oldest prison gangs.
What is the Mexican Mafia?
This form of supervision requires frequent meetings between the client and probation officer.
What is intensive supervision probation?
This early U.S. prison was characterized by the congregate-and-silent system.
What is Auburn Prison?
This system, developed by Alexander Maconochie, allowed the inmate to earn the right to be released.
What is marks-of-commendation?
Which amendment provides the guarantee against cruel and unusual punishment?
What is 8th amendment?
In prison, this type of behavior, which describes how the actions of an individual can be transmitted into group actions, can be deadly.
What is collective behavior?
When criminal justice programs pull more clients into the system than would otherwise be involved without the program.
What is net-widening?
The first institution to resemble a modern penitentiary was ________ in Boston Harbor
What is Castle Island?
Sir Walter Crofton instituted this system in which inmates were given a conditional release and supervised by local police.
What is ticket-of-leave?
Which form of execution is most common in the United States?
What is lethal injection?
This is the judicial attitude toward prisons prior to the 1960s in which courts did not become involved in prison affairs or inmate rights.
What is the hands-off doctrine?
Continuing to break the criminal law and returning to the criminal justice system after being processed for past offenses is referred to as which of the following?
What is recidivism?
This technique was designed not just to punish, but to make the inmate more likely to return to free society successfully.
What is the Irish System?
This is a closed environment in which everything is controlled and structured.
What is a total institution?
Chivalric bias indicates _____ who are convicted of killing _____ are more likely to be sentenced to death.
What are men/women?
These are groups established by women in prison to imitate familial roles in society.
What are pseudofamilies?
Offenders diverted to alternative programs and they are then less likely to adopt a criminal self-concept and continue to break the law.
What is labeling theory?