Antecedent Influences on Behavior
What has made attention to antecedent conditions a greater interest to teachers and administrators? p257
What is functional assessment and functional analysis
True or False? "Much of the everyday behavior of adults is a result of discrimination learning." p258
What is true
Teachers have guidelines they need to follow in order to make the most effective use of prompts, true or false? (pg 272)
True, there are four guidelines
It is easy to confusing shaping with what? and why? (pg 282)
What are 2 critically important things about managing antecedent conditions? p257
School wide structure & Individual Classrooms
As a teacher why is discrimination training important in our classroom? p258
What is we want our students to obey rules, follow instructions, and perform specified academic or functional skills at the appropriate time, in the appropriate place, and in response to specified instructions or other cues.
How can prompts be presented? (pg 261)
Verbally, visually, or physically
To design successful shaping programs, the teacher must first...?
Clearly specify the terminal behavior (the desired goal of the intervention)
Is it important to make sure you recognize antecedents that trigger general education students as well? Why or why not?
Yes because these triggers in a general education classroom can effect your Sped students that could be in those classrooms as well.
What is an example of a simple discrimination and how does it work? p258
What is we want a student to differentiate something—his name, for example, from other things that are not his name. The teacher presents a flash card with the student’s name on it and a flash card with an unrelated word. The teacher says, “Point to your name.” If the student responds by pointing to the correct card (SD), he receives a reinforcer. If he responds to the other card (SΔ), no reinforcer is delivered.
Many teaching strategies involve some form of which prompt? (pg 262)
Visual prompting.
Provide an example of shaping along the dimension of topography, or form. (pg 283)
Teaching vocal imitation to a child with severe disabilities.
What are "Setting Events"?
environmental (including instructional and physical aspects of the environment and environmental changes), physiological, or social.
Many beginning readers identify words by their first letters alone true or false why?
What is true. Students may respond either to some totally irrelevant stimulus, like the smudge on the flash card, or to only one aspect of the stimulus, like the first letter of a word. This tendency toward stimulus overselectivity (Lovaas, Schreibman, Koegel, & Rhen, 1971) is a characteristic of some students with disabilities.
Why is issuing high probability instructions with low probability instructions increasing compliance for the low probability instructions? (pg 262)
The behavioral momentum created by the compliance of the high p instructions carries students through the low p instructions
Shaping is an integral part of many teaching strategies combined, such as...? (pg 282)
Stimulus control, prompting, fading and chaining
Why are "setting events" important to understand?
There are a lot of setting events that can play into a behavior so being aware that sleep, home life, relationships, disabilities and any big change in the students life.
What is a concept and how is it learned?
A concept is a class of stimuli that have characteristics in common. In order to learn a concept, a student must discriminate based on specific characteristics common to a large number of stimuli, thus forming an abstraction.
Students are most likely to imitate models who...: (pg 266).
-are similar to themselves
-are competent
-have prestige
Why do many children with disabilities fail to perform adequately in general education classrooms? (pg 283)
Not that they cannot perform the task, but they cannot perform them fast enough to meet the standards