What Does Research Tell Us About Content-Area Reading and Writing for Multilingual Learners?
What is the need for additional assistance for multilingual learners when dealing with complex texts?
Multilingual learners may require additional assistance in dealing with complex texts due to their English language proficiency levels.
What is aesthetic reading?
Aesthetic reading involves experiencing or feeling a piece of writing, often associated with literary texts.
What is the importance of providing a variety of resources?
It's essential to provide a variety of resources to accommodate different levels of reading ability and English Language Proficiency.
What are the three phases of the model presented in Figure 10.9?
The three phases of the model presented in Figure 10.9 are prereading, during reading, and postreading.
What should teachers consider when differentiating instruction for content-area reading?
Teachers should consider previous assessments of oral language, reading, and writing to inform instruction.
What is Sheltered English Instruction?
Sheltered English Instruction is an approach that aims to make content comprehensible and cognitively demanding, without watering it down, by providing instruction in English that is understandable to students with early levels of English proficiency.
What is the impact of text structure on comprehension and memory?
Text structure, such as attributive, compare/contrast, problem/solution, and cause/effect patterns, significantly impact comprehension and memory.
What is differentiated instruction?
Differentiated instruction is crucial to cater to individual learning levels.
What are prereading strategies?
Prereading strategies focus on establishing a purpose for reading, building background knowledge, and developing motivation.
What are the strategies that enhance comprehension and learning?
Pre-reading and during-reading strategies are recommended to enhance comprehension and learning.
What are the reading processes of proficient readers?
Proficient readers engage in a systematic and analytic reading process, which involves decoding words automatically, comprehending sentences, possessing a sophisticated vocabulary, and using cognitive and metacognitive strategies, among other elements.
What are cohesive ties/signal words?
Cohesive ties, including time/order, additive, cause/effect, conclusive, and negation-related words, help readers navigate texts by indicating relationships between ideas and arguments.
What is the Content-Area Reading Inventory (CARI)?
The Content-Area Reading Inventory (CARI) is recommended for assessing students' interaction with specific texts.
What is the purpose of using technology to enhance comprehension?
Technology can be leveraged to support comprehension and build background knowledge.
What is the recommended assessment tool for evaluating students' interaction with specific texts?
The Content-Area Reading Inventory (CARI) is recommended for assessing students' interaction with specific texts.
What are the specific areas to assess when evaluating multilingual learners' reading performance?
When evaluating multilingual learners' reading performance, educators should consider factors such as background knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, decoding abilities, understanding of syntax and semantics, and comprehension strategies.
What are headings and subheadings used for?
Headings and subheadings serve as signposts that aid in previewing and comprehending text content.
What is the process for creating a CARI?
Creating a CARI involves selecting a passage similar in content, length, and complexity to class materials, identifying key concepts, determining the reading skills required for understanding each concept, and creating questions or tasks based on these concepts and skills.
What are the questioning strategies that promote active comprehension?
The questioning strategies that promote active comprehension include using headings and subheadings, Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA), and ReQuest Procedure.
What is the recommended approach for matching students with appropriate texts?
Teachers should evaluate content-area standards and curriculum materials to match students with appropriate texts.
What are the key points educators should consider when supporting multilingual learners in their reading development?
Educators should consider various factors about multilingual learners, including their life experiences, English proficiency levels, and prior literacy experiences. Understanding these aspects helps tailor instruction to support their reading development effectively.
What are the strategies that can help students understand and apply text structures effectively?
Various strategies, such as using visual aids like graphic organizers and employing analogies like the train analogy, can help students understand and apply text structures effectively.
What are the strategies that teachers can use to match students with appropriate texts?
Teachers can incorporate sheltering strategies for English language learners, utilize supplementary materials, evaluate students' interaction with text, and promote purposeful reading to support students' reading development across various proficiency levels and content areas.
What are the strategies that foster independence in reading and vocabulary acquisition?
The strategies that foster independence in reading and vocabulary acquisition include clustering to develop vocabulary, using learning logs, and teaching contextual redefinition and preview in context.
What are the key strategies for content-area literacy?
The key strategies for content-area literacy include sheltering strategies for English language learners, supplemental materials, differentiated instruction, purposeful content-area reading and writing, and scaffolding strategies for multilingual learners.