Movements
Naming
FASCICLE ARRANGEMENTS
Lever systems
100

Muscles _____, they don't ______


pull/push

pull push

100

What are 3 factors that decide the name of skeletal muscle

Muscle location: bone or body region with which muscle associated

▪ Example: temporalis (over temporal bone)

▪ Muscle shape: distinctive shapes

▪ Example: deltoid muscle (deltoid = triangle)

▪ Muscle size

▪ Example: maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long)

Direction of muscle fibers or fascicles

▪ Example: rectus (fibers run straight), transversus (fibers run at right angles), and

oblique (fibers run at angles to imaginary defined axis)

▪ Number of origins

▪ Example: biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins)


Location of attachments: named according to point of origin and

insertion (origin named first)

▪ Example: sternocleidomastoid attaches to sternum and clavicle, with insertion on

mastoid process

▪ Muscle action: named for action they produce

▪ Example: flexor or extensor

▪ Several criteria can be combined

▪ Example: extensor (extends) carpi (wrist) radialis (radius) longus (length is long)



100

What are fascicles?

bundles of muscle fibers enclosed in the perimysium.

 Fascicles determine muscle’s range of motion

▪ Amount of movement when muscle shortens

▪ Fascicles determine muscle’s power

▪ Long fibers more parallel to long axis shorten more; usually not powerful

▪ Power depends on number of muscle fibers

▪ Bipennate, multipennate muscles have most fibers → shorten little but are powerful



100

What are the components of a lever system

Lever: rigid bar (bone) that moves on a fixed point called fulcrum (joint)

▪ Effort: force (supplied by muscle contraction) applied to lever to move resistance

(load)

▪ Load: resistance (bone + tissues + any added weight) moved by the effort


200

What are the three main functional groups?

1. Prime mover (agonist)
▪ Major responsibility for producing specific movement
▪ 2. Antagonist
▪ Opposes or reverses particular movement

3. Synergist helps prime movers
▪ Adds extra force to same movement
▪ Reduces undesirable or unnecessary movement

200

What gives the Gluteus maximus it's name

gluteal region large size

200

What are the most common types of fascicle arrangements.

Most common patterns are circular, convergent, parallel, fusiform, and
pennate



200

What is the difference between mechanical disadvantage and advantage.

Mechanical advantage (power lever): load is close to fulcrum, with

effort far from fulcrum

▪ Small effort can move large load

▪ Mechanical disadvantage (speed lever): load is far from fulcrum, with

effort close to fulcrum

▪ Load moved rapidly over large distance; offers wider range of motion



300

A muscle that crosses the anterior side produces ______ in upper body muscles

flexion

300

Why do the biceps and triceps have the bi and tri prefixes

They have 2 and 3 heads/ origin points

300

give an example of a circular arranged muscles 

orbicularis oris or oculi

300

Describe a first class lever

fulcrum is between load and effort

seesaw or scissors

400

A muscle that crosses the medial side produces ______

Am muscle that crosses the lateral sdie produces_______

Adduction, Abduction

400

What about the biceps femoris muscle gives it its name.

2 heads located on the femur

400

What type of fascicle arrangement does the biceps brachii have

fusiform

400

What is an example of a 1st class lever in the body

neck extension

500

when you perform elbow flexion with a supinated palm what is the prime movers, the synergist, and the antagonist muscle.

brachialis, 

brachioradialis biceps brachii, 

triceps brachii, anconeus

500

What gives the Rectus abdominus it's name

Rectus-fibers run straight

transverse- fibers run horizontally

500

What is a pennate fascicle arrangement, and what are the three types of them and give an example of each type

Pennate: short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running

length of muscle (example: rectus femoris)

▪ Three forms

▪ Unipennate: fascicles attach only to one side of tendon (example: extensor digitorum

longus)

▪ Bipennate: fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon (example: rectus femoris)

▪ Multipennate: appears as feathers inserting into one tendon (example: deltoid)



500

What kind of lever is the biceps brachii muscle curling a dumbell

class 3