Hunger & Eating Disorders
Which brain structure regulates hunger and monitors blood chemistry?
Hypothalamus
What type of drive is learned and not based on biology?
Secondary drive
What is the need to form and maintain relationships called?
Need for affiliation
Which theory states that physiological reactions occur first and then lead to emotion?
James-Lange theory
Which brain structure plays a key role in fear and emotional memory?
Amygdala
What eating disorder involves severe food restriction and an intense fear of gaining weight?
Anorexia nervosa
What is the term for the desire to accomplish challenging goals?
Need for achievement
What is the motivation to influence or control others called?
Need for power
Which theory states that emotion and physiological arousal occur at the same time?
Cannon-Bard theory
Which brain area helps evaluate and interpret emotional experiences?
Cerebral cortex
Which eating disorder involves binge eating followed by purging, while weight often remains normal?
Bulimia nervosa
What level of difficulty do people high in achievement motivation prefer?
Moderate (intermediate) difficulty
People high in affiliation are especially sensitive to what social experience?
Rejection
Which theory explains emotion as a combination of arousal and cognitive labeling?
Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor) theory
What hypothesis suggests that basic facial expressions are universal and inborn?
Facial-affect program
Name two biological factors involved in hunger regulation.
Blood glucose levels and the hypothalamus
What test measures achievement motivation using ambiguous pictures?
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Give one way men and women may differ in expressing the need for power.
Men may show aggression or competitiveness; women may express power in socially responsible or nurturing ways.
According to James-Lange, why do we feel afraid when we see a snake?
Because our body reacts (heart races, muscles tense), and we interpret those physical changes as fear.
What hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence how we feel?
Facial feedback hypothesis
Give one biological cause and one social cause of eating disorders.
Biological: genetics, brain differences, or chemical imbalance.
Social: thin ideal, media pressure, dieting culture.
How do people with high and low achievement motivation differ in choosing tasks?
High achievers choose moderately difficult tasks; low achievers choose very easy or very difficult tasks to avoid failure.
How can the need for power influence career choices?
It may lead people to seek leadership roles such as management, politics, or teaching.
Give one criticism of any emotion theory.
James-Lange: bodily changes can be too slow.
Cannon-Bard: simultaneous response not fully proven.
Schachter-Singer: arousal may be more specific than originally thought.
What is the difference between the fast and slow emotional pathways?
The fast pathway allows immediate emotional reactions through the amygdala with little thinking, while the slow pathway evaluates information first and then produces a more thoughtful emotional response.