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Xylem
Xylem-transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Pollination
Pollination-
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Pollen is moved from the anther to the stigma by wind, water or insects.
Dicots
Dicots-
Broad leaves with branched veins
flower parts in multiples of 4-5
Vascular bundles in a ring
Evergreens
Evergreens-conifers or cone bearing plants
Two different types of cones
Male cones- contain the pollen and are smaller
Female cones- contain the eggs
Pollen grains produce sperm cells that fertilize the eggs.
Pollen is carried from the male cones to the female cones by the wind.
Aggregate
Aggregate-form from several ovaries. All of the ripe ovaries join to form a single fruit. Examples are strawberries, blackberries and raspberries.
Phloem
Phloem-transports food made in the leaves to all parts of the plant.
After Pollination
Pollination-
After pollination, a pollen tube grows from a cell in the pollen grain, through the stigma to an opening in an ovule.
Sperm cells move down the pollen tube and enter the ovule.
Fertilization occurs when one sperm combines with each ovum to form a zygote.
The Zygote or fertilized ovum eventually develops into an embryo.
Monocots
Monocots-
Narrow leaves with parallel veins
Flower parts in multiples of 3
vascular bundles scattered
Conifers
Conifers- mean cone bearing-pines, spruces and firs. They contain needle like leaves
Multiple
Multiple- Multiple fruit has many single fruits growing close together. Examples Pineapples and figs.
Vascular Cambium
Vascular Cambium-the growth tissue that produces new xylem and phloem cells in the stems of woody plants.
Self Pollination
Self pollination-within the same flower.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis- is the process by which green plants use chemicals from the environment and energy from the sun to make their own food.
Fruit and Seed Development
Fruit and seed development-
A Seed consists of three parts
The embryo
The stored food
The seed coat
Perennials
Perennials-plants that last for more than one growing season.
Herbaceous Stem
Herbaceous Stem- green and flexible-grow, mature, reproduce and die in one season “annuals”
1. Snap dragons, most vegetables-corn, peas, radishes
Cross-Pollination
Cross-Pollination-from one flower to another flower.
Process of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis:
Plants absorb sunlight. Energy from the sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll in the cells of each leaf. Chlorophyll is the pigment that gives the plant the green color. Chlorophyll traps solar energy and converts it into chemical energy.
In order to photosynthesize you need water (H2O) and Carbon dioxide (CO2).
The Most common product of photosynthesis is glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2).
From glucose and other sugars, compounds such as starches and proteins are made.
Seeds Can Be Classified As...
Simple-A simple fruit is formed from a single ovary-examples...beans, peaches, tomatoes, and oranges are all simple fruits.
The number of seeds in the fruit is the same as the number of ovules in the ovary.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms-Have a protective covering around their seeds and they do produce flowers and all produce some kind of fruit.
Woody Stem
Woody stem-are harder and stiffer than herbaceous stems and contain wood cells that give them support.
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms-Lack a protective covering around their seeds, and they do not produce flowers. Cycads, ginkgoes and conifers. Most gymnosperms keep their leaves throughout the year. (EVERGREENS)