Reconstruction Plans
What was the goal of Reconstruction?
To rebuild the South and reunite the nation.
Which amendment ended slavery?
13th Amendment
Who was the first African American U.S. Senator?
Hiram Revels
What were Jim Crow laws?
Laws enforcing segregation in the South.
Which case allowed segregation under “separate but equal”?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
What percent of voters had to pledge loyalty under Lincoln’s plan?
10%
Which amendment guaranteed citizenship and equal protection?
14th Amendment
Who was Blanche K. Bruce?
African American Senator from Mississippi.
What is segregation?
Separation of races in public life.
Which case overturned segregation in schools?
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Why did many criticize Johnson’s plan?
It was too lenient, allowed ex-Confederates back into power, and permitted Black Codes
Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
15th Amendment
Who believed in vocational training and patience for equality?
Booker T. Washington
Name two voting restrictions used in the South.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses.
Which amendment was used in the Brown v. Board ruling?
14th Amendment
How was Radical Reconstruction enforced in the South?
Divided into military districts with Union supervision.
Give one example of how the Black Codes violated the 14th Amendment.
Restricted jobs, denied fair trials, limited property rights, etc.
Who demanded immediate equality and helped found the NAACP?
W.E.B. Du Bois
How did “separate but equal” affect African Americans in reality?
Facilities were not equal, reinforcing inequality and white supremacy.
How did Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education show different ideas about equality?
Plessy said segregation was legal if “separate but equal”; Brown said segregation was unequal and unconstitutional.
Explain one strength and one weakness of Lincoln’s 10% Plan.
Strength – made reunification easier. Weakness – too lenient on the South,
Explain how literacy tests and poll taxes worked together to deny African Americans the right to vote.
They required money and education many freedmen didn’t have, blocking access to voting.
Compare Washington’s and Du Bois’s philosophies.
Washington = vocational skills and gradual equality; Du Bois = higher education and immediate equality.
Give one way segregation shaped daily life beyond schools.
Segregated transportation, restrooms, restaurants, parks, etc.
What long-term impact did Brown v. Board of Education have on the Civil Rights Movement?
It inspired activism, challenged Jim Crow laws, and gave momentum to the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s–60s.