The Nature of Emotions
What are the three components of emotion?
What are Physiological processes, behavioral responses, and cognitive appraisals?
According to the James-Lange Theory, what is the order in which emotion is processed?
What is Stimulus -> Arousal -> Emotion
What system of the brain is primarily involved in emotions?
What is the limbic system?
Changing the interpretation of an event to alter the emotional outcome
What is reappraisal?
What are the four main aspects of motivation?
What are "Energizing, directive, strength, and persistence"?
What's the difference between emotions and moods?
What is "Emotions are specific and immediate; moods are diffuse and long-lasting without a clear or specific trigger."
What is "They happen simultaneously and independently"?
What is the main function of the insula?
What is "Awareness of bodily states and strong role in disgust"?
What is one way to reduce physiological activation during stress and control emotions?
What is "reappraisal, create mental distance, find humor, refocus your attention, and distract yourself"?
Who developed the Needs Hierarchy and what's the top level?
Who is Abraham Maslow? What is self-actualization?
What are primary emotions? Give two examples?
What are innate, universal emotions? Examples include anger, happiness, fear, sadness, surprise, and contempt.
What two factors does the Schachter-Singer Theory add to emotion?
What are Physiological arousal and cognitive label (appraisal)?
What is the function of the amygdala?
What is "Processes emotional significance of stimuli and triggers responses?"
Cultural norms dictating how and when emotions are expressed
What is a display rule?
Which law states that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance (aka optimal arousal).
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
What are secondary emotions? Give two examples.
What are blends of primary emotions or culturally specific ones? Examples include guilt, anxiety, jealousy, pride, etc...
What is the Facial-Feedback Hypothesis?
What is "Changing facial expressions can change emotional experience"?
Which nervous system, which is part of the peripheral nervous system, controls unconscious bodily functions like breathing and digestion?
What is "The autonomic nervous system"?
This way of controlling emotions increases positive affect and releases dopamine, endorphins, and serotonin.
What is Humor?
What’s the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
What are "Intrinsic = for enjoyment; Extrinsic = for external reward"?
What are the two dimensions of the circumplex model of emotion?
What are Valence (Positive/Negative) and Arousal (High/Low)?
How would each of the four main emotion theories (Commonsense, James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer) explain the experience of fear when seeing a bear?
What is:
Commonsense: You feel fearful, and from that, your heart starts to race.
James-Lange: Your heart starts to race, and then you feel fearful.
Cannon-Bard: You feel fear, and your heart races at the same time.
Schachter-Singer: You notice your heart beating fast, label it as “dangerous” or that you are scared, and then feel afraid/fearful.
How does the amygdala contribute to survival?
What is "Generates quick emotional reactions to protect from danger"?
How do guilt and embarrassment help interpersonal relationships?
Guilt shows caring and discourages harm; embarrassment elicits forgiveness.
Name one current motivation theory and describe it.
Need to Belong Theory: Fundamental motive to make and maintain interpersonal attachments that has evolved for adaptive purposes.
Balance Theory: People are motivated to achieve harmony in their interpersonal relationships. A triad is balanced when all relationships are in the same direction, or when two relationships are negative and one is positive.
Cognitive Dissonance: A conflict between two beliefs, or between a belief and a behavior, leads to an unpleasant tension state.
Self-Determination Theory: People are motivated to satisfy needs for competence, relatedness to others, and autonomy, which is a sense of personal control
Self-Affirmation Theory: Intrinsic need to view and present themselves as coherent and stable