Vocabulary
A round bone that develops in a tendon is called a ________________.
sesamoid bone
The integumentary system is made up of four parts of the human body. What are they?
The integumentary system is made up of the skin, hair, nails, and glands.
What are the four main functions of the skeletal system?
supporting the body
protecting organs
storing chemicals
producing blood cells
What are the six types of joints?
ball and socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, gliding joint, saddle joint, condyloid joint
hemopoiesis
List the three sections of tissue related to the skin, start with the innermost section and end with the outermost section.
hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
What are the five kinds of bones?
long bone, short bone, flat bone, sesamoid bone, irregular bone
What joint has the widest range of motion?
A ball and socket joint
a mass of blood that is confined to a specific space in the body
hematoma
What are dermal papillae and what do they do? Why are they important?
Dermal papillae are "bumps" that increase the amount of surface contact between the dermis and the epidermis. This increases the blood supply to the epidermis, providing the lower layers with nutrients and oxygen. They are also responsible for forming fingerprints.
What is the thin layer of tissue surrounding a bone called AND why is it important?
The thin layer of tissue surrounding a bone is called the periosteum. It contains both collagen and nerves. This is important because the nerves send a signal to your brain when the bone is damaged, which is the pain that is associated with breaking bones.
What are the four functions of synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid lubricates joints, absorbs shock, and supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage in the joints.
What is ossification?
What is the difference between spongy bone and compact bone? Where are they typically found?
Spongy bone tissue is not as hard as it is strong, and is not very heavy. Compact bone tissue is hard and strong. Spongy bone tissue is usually found near the ends, while compact bone tissue is usually found in between so that the bone is strong.
What joint is found in your thumb and what range of motion does it give you?
A saddle joint in your thumb allows for movement side to side and up and down, but still does not allow as much movement as a ball and socket joint.
Explain the difference between a long bone and flat bone. Give an example of each bone.
A long bone is a bone that is longer than it is wide but is NOT flat. A flat bone is longer than it is wide but is also flat.
Long bone examples: femur, tibia and fibula, humerus, radius
Flat bone examples: skull, sternum, ribs, pelvic bones
Hair has rest phases and growth phases. During rest phases, hair cells are not reproducing and therefore the hair is not growing. The hair on your head has the longest growth phase, so it spends very little time resting compared to the hair on your arms.
What is the difference between red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow? Where is yellow bone marrow located?
Yellow bone marrow stores fat and is found in many long bones in the medullary cavity. Red bone marrow generates cells that are found in the blood.
Where does synovial fluid come from?
Cells in the synovial membrane make synovial fluid and release it into the joint.